Question 1

How many morphemes are in the word "thoughtfully"?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 7 
D) 120 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 7 
D) 120

Question 2

Broca's aphasia is a condition marked by impaired recall of nouns and impaired comprehension of language,despite the ability to speak fluently and grammatically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

When you think about a particular concept

Accepted Answer

A) you become less likely to think of related concepts (they are temporarily inhibited). 
B) you become more likely to think of related concepts (they are temporarily activated). 
C) you typically activate high level concepts and inhibit lower-level concepts. 
D) you typically activate lower-level concepts and inhibit higher-level concepts. 
A) you become less likely to think of related concepts (they are temporarily inhibited). 
B) you become more likely to think of related concepts (they are temporarily activated). 
C) you typically activate high level concepts and inhibit lower-level concepts. 
D) you typically activate lower-level concepts and inhibit higher-level concepts.

Question 4

The language acquisition device

Accepted Answer

A) is a built-in mechanism for acquiring language in humans. 
B) is a computer that generates sentences and answers questions. 
C) is the device used in the new computer game called "20 Questions". 
D) is the computer terminal used by bonobos to "speak" on the internet. 
A) is a built-in mechanism for acquiring language in humans. 
B) is a computer that generates sentences and answers questions. 
C) is the device used in the new computer game called "20 Questions". 
D) is the computer terminal used by bonobos to "speak" on the internet.

Question 5

Which of the following words has exactly one morpheme?

Accepted Answer

A) cats 
B) dog 
C) don't 
D) cannot 
A) cats 
B) dog 
C) don't 
D) cannot

Question 6

Students are told that "2-4-6" is one example of a rule;they are asked to determine what the rule is.Many students assume the rule is "three consecutive even numbers" and fail to check whether 1-3-5 is also an example of the rule,or even 1-10-11.What mistake in reasoning have they made?

Accepted Answer

A) reliance on availability heuristic 
B) confirmation bias 
C) reliance on representativeness heuristic 
D) failure to consider base-rate information 
A) reliance on availability heuristic 
B) confirmation bias 
C) reliance on representativeness heuristic 
D) failure to consider base-rate information

Question 7

The willingness to do something we wouldn't otherwise choose to do because of money or effort already spent is termed the

Accepted Answer

A) sunk cost effect. 
B) availability heuristic. 
C) confirmation bias. 
D) self-serving bias. 
A) sunk cost effect. 
B) availability heuristic. 
C) confirmation bias. 
D) self-serving bias.

Question 8

When reading,a typical reader has about

Accepted Answer

A) one fixation per minute. 
B) one fixation per second. 
C) four fixations per second. 
D) 100 fixations per second. 
A) one fixation per minute. 
B) one fixation per second. 
C) four fixations per second. 
D) 100 fixations per second.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the word-superiority effect?

Accepted Answer

A) People who live in Alaska know more words pertaining to snow than most people in Florida know. 
B) People who start by learning the names of all the parts of an automobile engine eventually become superior auto mechanics. 
C) People with a large vocabulary generally do better in school than people with a more limited vocabulary do. 
D) People can identify the word WEST more easily than they can identify the letter W,after seeing both for just a split second. 
A) People who live in Alaska know more words pertaining to snow than most people in Florida know. 
B) People who start by learning the names of all the parts of an automobile engine eventually become superior auto mechanics. 
C) People with a large vocabulary generally do better in school than people with a more limited vocabulary do. 
D) People can identify the word WEST more easily than they can identify the letter W,after seeing both for just a split second.

Question 10

In one study,students watched an experimenter fill two jars with sugar.They were then given two labels and instructed to put whichever label they wanted on each jar;one of the labels said "sucrose,table sugar" and the other said "not sodium cyanide,not poison." Later,when making Kool Aid,most subjects used the sugar from the jar labeled __________.These results are consistent with the idea that people __________.

Accepted Answer

A) "sucrose,table sugar"...have difficulty understanding negatives 
B) "not sodium cyanide,not poison"...rely on confirmation that things are safe 
C) "sucrose,table sugar"...saw the experimenter fill this jar 
D) "not sodium cyanide,not poison"...often believe that experimenters use reverse psychology 
A) "sucrose,table sugar"...have difficulty understanding negatives 
B) "not sodium cyanide,not poison"...rely on confirmation that things are safe 
C) "sucrose,table sugar"...saw the experimenter fill this jar 
D) "not sodium cyanide,not poison"...often believe that experimenters use reverse psychology

Question 11

Under which circumstances are people most likely to take a gamble?

Accepted Answer

A) in order to gain something of value 
B) in order to avoid losing something 
C) when the possible wins and losses are great 
D) under all circumstances equally 
A) in order to gain something of value 
B) in order to avoid losing something 
C) when the possible wins and losses are great 
D) under all circumstances equally

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes speed readers from normal readers?

Accepted Answer

A) understanding of the basic points of what has been read 
B) the number of letters taken in for each fixation 
C) size of vocabulary 
D) duration of each fixation 
A) understanding of the basic points of what has been read 
B) the number of letters taken in for each fixation 
C) size of vocabulary 
D) duration of each fixation

Question 13

The common mistakes children make as they try to learn language indicate that the children

Accepted Answer

A) are trying to memorize the sentences they hear,word for word. 
B) cannot distinguish many important sounds from one another. 
C) are learning grammatical rules and over-applying them. 
D) can say more words than they understand. 
A) are trying to memorize the sentences they hear,word for word. 
B) cannot distinguish many important sounds from one another. 
C) are learning grammatical rules and over-applying them. 
D) can say more words than they understand.

Question 14

One reason why "muh-muh" (or something similar)is the word for mother in so many languages is that

Accepted Answer

A) infants frequently hear that sound from adults during the first 2 months of life. 
B) it is easy for infants to make that sound. 
C) the sound "muh" is the opposite of a crying sound. 
D) the sound "muh" is very similar to a crying sound. 
A) infants frequently hear that sound from adults during the first 2 months of life. 
B) it is easy for infants to make that sound. 
C) the sound "muh" is the opposite of a crying sound. 
D) the sound "muh" is very similar to a crying sound.

Question 15

When an experimenter flashes the letter P on the screen for a split second,you cannot identify it.Yet when the experimenter flashes PARK on the screen for the same period of time,you do identify it.This is an example of the

Accepted Answer

A) Stroop effect. 
B) availability heuristic. 
C) representativeness heuristic. 
D) word-superiority effect. 
A) Stroop effect. 
B) availability heuristic. 
C) representativeness heuristic. 
D) word-superiority effect.

Question 16

Research by cognitive psychologists has found that people who make a career of predicting events in world politics (news analysts,government officials,talk-show hosts,etc. )

Accepted Answer

A) are most accurate if they adhere consistently to the views of one or another political party. 
B) make predictions that are,in general,not very accurate. 
C) have risen to their current positions because they have an innate talent for analyzing complex political situations. 
D) base their predictions on simple mathematical formulas that other people can easily learn to use. 
A) are most accurate if they adhere consistently to the views of one or another political party. 
B) make predictions that are,in general,not very accurate. 
C) have risen to their current positions because they have an innate talent for analyzing complex political situations. 
D) base their predictions on simple mathematical formulas that other people can easily learn to use.

Question 17

During the moment after perceiving one stimulus,it is difficult to accurately perceive a second stimulus.This is called the

Accepted Answer

A) blocking effect. 
B) von Restorff effect. 
C) attentional blink. 
D) moment of truth. 
A) blocking effect. 
B) von Restorff effect. 
C) attentional blink. 
D) moment of truth.

Question 18

An expert chess player and a beginner look at a series of pictures of a chessboard.After each,the two people try to draw them from memory.How will their performances compare?

Accepted Answer

A) The expert will show better recall only if the pieces are arranged as they might appear in an actual game. 
B) The expert and the beginner will show about equal recall,regardless of how the pieces are arranged in the pictures. 
C) The expert will show a better recall,regardless of how the pieces are arranged in the pictures. 
D) The expert will show better recall of one set of pieces,usually the white players,but worse recall of the other set. 
A) The expert will show better recall only if the pieces are arranged as they might appear in an actual game. 
B) The expert and the beginner will show about equal recall,regardless of how the pieces are arranged in the pictures. 
C) The expert will show a better recall,regardless of how the pieces are arranged in the pictures. 
D) The expert will show better recall of one set of pieces,usually the white players,but worse recall of the other set.

Question 19

It has been argued that children have a built-in mechanism for learning language that is called the

Accepted Answer

A) linguine machinery. 
B) language acquisition device. 
C) morpheme machine. 
D) language hierarchy. 
A) linguine machinery. 
B) language acquisition device. 
C) morpheme machine. 
D) language hierarchy.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the Stroop effect?

Accepted Answer

A) If you look at letters and words flashed briefly on the screen,it is easier to read whole words than isolated letters. 
B) If you have already committed a certain amount of time and effort to a project,it is hard to quit even though the project seems to be a failure. 
C) If you grew up hearing another language without learning it,you will be able to learn it in adulthood better than those who did not have that early experience. 
D) If you look at the word RED written in green ink,it is easier to read the word ("red")than to say the color of the ink ("green"). 
A) If you look at letters and words flashed briefly on the screen,it is easier to read whole words than isolated letters. 
B) If you have already committed a certain amount of time and effort to a project,it is hard to quit even though the project seems to be a failure. 
C) If you grew up hearing another language without learning it,you will be able to learn it in adulthood better than those who did not have that early experience. 
D) If you look at the word RED written in green ink,it is easier to read the word ("red")than to say the color of the ink ("green").

How many morphemes are in the word "thoughtfully"?

Broca's aphasia is a condition marked by impaired recall of nouns and impaired comprehension of language,despite the ability to speak fluently and grammatically.

When you think about a particular concept

The language acquisition device

Which of the following words has exactly one morpheme?

Students are told that "2-4-6" is one example of a rule;they are asked to determine what the rule is.Many students assume the rule is "three consecutive even numbers" and fail to check whether 1-3-5 is also an example of the rule,or even 1-10-11.What mistake in reasoning have they made?

The willingness to do something we wouldn't otherwise choose to do because of money or effort already spent is termed the

When reading,a typical reader has about

Which of the following is an example of the word-superiority effect?

Under which circumstances are people most likely to take a gamble?

Which of the following best distinguishes speed readers from normal readers?

The common mistakes children make as they try to learn language indicate that the children

One reason why "muh-muh" (or something similar)is the word for mother in so many languages is that

When an experimenter flashes the letter P on the screen for a split second,you cannot identify it.Yet when the experimenter flashes PARK on the screen for the same period of time,you do identify it.This is an example of the

Research by cognitive psychologists has found that people who make a career of predicting events in world politics (news analysts,government officials,talk-show hosts,etc. )

During the moment after perceiving one stimulus,it is difficult to accurately perceive a second stimulus.This is called the

An expert chess player and a beginner look at a series of pictures of a chessboard.After each,the two people try to draw them from memory.How will their performances compare?

It has been argued that children have a built-in mechanism for learning language that is called the

Which of the following best describes the Stroop effect?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

How many morphemes are in the word "thoughtfully"?

Broca's aphasia is a condition marked by impaired recall of nouns and impaired comprehension of language,despite the ability to speak fluently and grammatically.

When you think about a particular concept

The language acquisition device

Which of the following words has exactly one morpheme?

Students are told that "2-4-6" is one example of a rule;they are asked to determine what the rule is.Many students assume the rule is "three consecutive even numbers" and fail to check whether 1-3-5 is also an example of the rule,or even 1-10-11.What mistake in reasoning have they made?

The willingness to do something we wouldn't otherwise choose to do because of money or effort already spent is termed the

When reading,a typical reader has about

Which of the following is an example of the word-superiority effect?

Under which circumstances are people most likely to take a gamble?

Which of the following best distinguishes speed readers from normal readers?

The common mistakes children make as they try to learn language indicate that the children

One reason why "muh-muh" (or something similar)is the word for mother in so many languages is that

When an experimenter flashes the letter P on the screen for a split second,you cannot identify it.Yet when the experimenter flashes PARK on the screen for the same period of time,you do identify it.This is an example of the

Research by cognitive psychologists has found that people who make a career of predicting events in world politics (news analysts,government officials,talk-show hosts,etc. )

During the moment after perceiving one stimulus,it is difficult to accurately perceive a second stimulus.This is called the

An expert chess player and a beginner look at a series of pictures of a chessboard.After each,the two people try to draw them from memory.How will their performances compare?

It has been argued that children have a built-in mechanism for learning language that is called the

Which of the following best describes the Stroop effect?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters