Question 1

In which situation would a heuristic be most useful?

Accepted Answer

A) when you have no hypotheses about how to solve a problem 
B) when you have committed yourself to one hypothesis 
C) you cannot think of a way to test a hypothesis 
D) you have too many hypotheses to test 
A) when you have no hypotheses about how to solve a problem 
B) when you have committed yourself to one hypothesis 
C) you cannot think of a way to test a hypothesis 
D) you have too many hypotheses to test

Question 2

In one study experts made predictions of U.S.and world politics over the next several years.How accurate were their predictions,compared to the predictions the general public might make,and how confident were they in their predictions?

Accepted Answer

A) They were much more accurate than the general public would be,but were not very confident in their predictions. 
B) They were much less accurate than the general public would be,but were very confident in their predictions. 
C) They were about as accurate as the general public would be,but were not very confident in their predictions. 
D) They were about as accurate as the general public would be,but were very confident in their predictions. 
A) They were much more accurate than the general public would be,but were not very confident in their predictions. 
B) They were much less accurate than the general public would be,but were very confident in their predictions. 
C) They were about as accurate as the general public would be,but were not very confident in their predictions. 
D) They were about as accurate as the general public would be,but were very confident in their predictions.

Question 3

When reading,we generally read

Accepted Answer

A) several words all at once. 
B) only one letter at a time. 
C) about 11 characters at one time. 
D) several lines of text simultaneously. 
A) several words all at once. 
B) only one letter at a time. 
C) about 11 characters at one time. 
D) several lines of text simultaneously.

Question 4

What is the Stroop effect?

Accepted Answer

A) the strategy of assuming that the number of available memories of an event indicates how common the event actually is 
B) the tendency to assume that if an item is similar to members of a particular category,it is probably a member of that category itself 
C) the greater ease of identifying a letter when it is part of a whole word than when it is presented by itself 
D) the difficulty of naming the colors in which words are written instead of reading the words themselves 
A) the strategy of assuming that the number of available memories of an event indicates how common the event actually is 
B) the tendency to assume that if an item is similar to members of a particular category,it is probably a member of that category itself 
C) the greater ease of identifying a letter when it is part of a whole word than when it is presented by itself 
D) the difficulty of naming the colors in which words are written instead of reading the words themselves

Question 5

Suppose that at a given moment units in your memory corresponding to the letters C,O,I,and N are moderately active,but not active enough for definite identification.According to a connectionist model,what would happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN,which would feed back to excite the individual letters. 
B) The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN,which would feed back to inhibit the individual letters. 
C) The units would inhibit a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN. 
D) The higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN would be unaffected until each of the four individual letters was positively identified. 
A) The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN,which would feed back to excite the individual letters. 
B) The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN,which would feed back to inhibit the individual letters. 
C) The units would inhibit a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN. 
D) The higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN would be unaffected until each of the four individual letters was positively identified.

Question 6

The "word superiority effect" is the observation that on the average,

Accepted Answer

A) people recognize a letter within a familiar word more easily than a letter by itself. 
B) people remember an event better and longer if they can express it in words. 
C) people who have just seen one word will more easily recognize another,related word. 
D) people can find a word on a page more easily than the drawing of an object. 
A) people recognize a letter within a familiar word more easily than a letter by itself. 
B) people remember an event better and longer if they can express it in words. 
C) people who have just seen one word will more easily recognize another,related word. 
D) people can find a word on a page more easily than the drawing of an object.

Question 7

You know there are only two librarians who live in your town of 10,000 people.However,when you meet a quiet young woman who likes to read,you decide she is probably a librarian.In your thinking you are relying on

Accepted Answer

A) an algorithm. 
B) the representativeness heuristic. 
C) the Stroop effect. 
D) a cognitive map. 
A) an algorithm. 
B) the representativeness heuristic. 
C) the Stroop effect. 
D) a cognitive map.

Question 8

An average person reading an average page of text focuses on each point for about 200 milliseconds before jumping to the next focus point.The jumping motion of the eyes is called a

Accepted Answer

A) gambado. 
B) variegation. 
C) caracole. 
D) saccade. 
A) gambado. 
B) variegation. 
C) caracole. 
D) saccade.

Question 9

Thinking about one of the concepts shown in this figure will activate,or prime,the concepts linked to it through a process called spreading activation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In decision making,__________ means thoroughly considering every possibility to find the best one.

Accepted Answer

A) maximizing 
B) availability heuristic 
C) representative heuristic 
D) satisficing 
A) maximizing 
B) availability heuristic 
C) representative heuristic 
D) satisficing

Question 11

Beginning in the 1920s,some chimpanzees were raised by psychologists in their homes as they would raise a child.What were these researchers attempting to discover?

Accepted Answer

A) whether the principles of operant conditioning applied to animals as well as humans 
B) whether the principles of classical conditioning applied to animals as well as humans 
C) whether chimpanzees could learn language 
D) whether chimpanzees could learn to use heuristics 
A) whether the principles of operant conditioning applied to animals as well as humans 
B) whether the principles of classical conditioning applied to animals as well as humans 
C) whether chimpanzees could learn language 
D) whether chimpanzees could learn to use heuristics

Question 12

A person who suffers from __________ may be mentally retarded but still able to produce language in a normal and skillful way.

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's aphasia 
B) Williams syndrome 
C) Rett syndrome 
D) Wernicke's aphasia 
A) Broca's aphasia 
B) Williams syndrome 
C) Rett syndrome 
D) Wernicke's aphasia

Question 13

__________ a concept gets it started.Reading or hearing one word makes it easier to think or recognize a related word.
Priming

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ a concept gets it started.Reading or...

Question 14

Transformational grammar is a

Accepted Answer

A) system for converting a deep structure into a surface structure. 
B) system for translating one language into another. 
C) set of rules for changing verb tense. 
D) method of communicating by signs and gestures. 
A) system for converting a deep structure into a surface structure. 
B) system for translating one language into another. 
C) set of rules for changing verb tense. 
D) method of communicating by signs and gestures.

Question 15

Cognitive psychologists conduct the majority of their research by asking subjects to describe their own thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

In which situation would a heuristic be most useful?

In one study experts made predictions of U.S.and world politics over the next several years.How accurate were their predictions,compared to the predictions the general public might make,and how confident were they in their predictions?

When reading,we generally read

What is the Stroop effect?

Suppose that at a given moment units in your memory corresponding to the letters C,O,I,and N are moderately active,but not active enough for definite identification.According to a connectionist model,what would happen?

The "word superiority effect" is the observation that on the average,

You know there are only two librarians who live in your town of 10,000 people.However,when you meet a quiet young woman who likes to read,you decide she is probably a librarian.In your thinking you are relying on

An average person reading an average page of text focuses on each point for about 200 milliseconds before jumping to the next focus point.The jumping motion of the eyes is called a

Thinking about one of the concepts shown in this figure will activate,or prime,the concepts linked to it through a process called spreading activation.

In decision making,__________ means thoroughly considering every possibility to find the best one.

Beginning in the 1920s,some chimpanzees were raised by psychologists in their homes as they would raise a child.What were these researchers attempting to discover?

A person who suffers from __________ may be mentally retarded but still able to produce language in a normal and skillful way.

__________ a concept gets it started.Reading or hearing one word makes it easier to think or recognize a related word. Priming

Transformational grammar is a

Cognitive psychologists conduct the majority of their research by asking subjects to describe their own thinking.

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

In which situation would a heuristic be most useful?

In one study experts made predictions of U.S.and world politics over the next several years.How accurate were their predictions,compared to the predictions the general public might make,and how confident were they in their predictions?

When reading,we generally read

What is the Stroop effect?

Suppose that at a given moment units in your memory corresponding to the letters C,O,I,and N are moderately active,but not active enough for definite identification.According to a connectionist model,what would happen?

The "word superiority effect" is the observation that on the average,

You know there are only two librarians who live in your town of 10,000 people.However,when you meet a quiet young woman who likes to read,you decide she is probably a librarian.In your thinking you are relying on

An average person reading an average page of text focuses on each point for about 200 milliseconds before jumping to the next focus point.The jumping motion of the eyes is called a

Thinking about one of the concepts shown in this figure will activate,or prime,the concepts linked to it through a process called spreading activation.

In decision making,__________ means thoroughly considering every possibility to find the best one.

Beginning in the 1920s,some chimpanzees were raised by psychologists in their homes as they would raise a child.What were these researchers attempting to discover?

A person who suffers from __________ may be mentally retarded but still able to produce language in a normal and skillful way.

__________ a concept gets it started.Reading or hearing one word makes it easier to think or recognize a related word. Priming

Transformational grammar is a

Cognitive psychologists conduct the majority of their research by asking subjects to describe their own thinking.

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters