Question 1

All of the following are situations when it would be appropriate to use a heuristic EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) when a decision has to be made quickly. 
B) when a decision has to be made with limited information. 
C) when a decision must be the right one. 
D) when you can't go through Polya's four steps for solving a problem. 
A) when a decision has to be made quickly. 
B) when a decision has to be made with limited information. 
C) when a decision must be the right one. 
D) when you can't go through Polya's four steps for solving a problem.

Question 2

Several studies have compared the ability of expert chess players and beginners to memorize the positions of chess pieces arranged in various ways on the board.Which general conclusion do psychologists draw from the results of those studies?

Accepted Answer

A) People who become experts must develop greater reasoning abilities,because their memory differs in no way from that of beginners. 
B) People who become experts in any field are likely to be worse than average at skills unrelated to that field. 
C) An important part of expertise is the ability to recognize complex,familiar patterns. 
D) Only people with a superior overall memory are likely to become experts at any skill. 
A) People who become experts must develop greater reasoning abilities,because their memory differs in no way from that of beginners. 
B) People who become experts in any field are likely to be worse than average at skills unrelated to that field. 
C) An important part of expertise is the ability to recognize complex,familiar patterns. 
D) Only people with a superior overall memory are likely to become experts at any skill.

Question 3

How many morphemes are in the word "winters"?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 5 
D) 7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 5 
D) 7

Question 4

An investigator flashes one or more letters on a screen and asks the viewer to look at the whole set and then say the first letter (the one on the left).After which of the following displays will it be easiest to give the correct answer?

Accepted Answer

A) D 
B) DH 
C) DKH 
D) DARK 
A) D 
B) DH 
C) DKH 
D) DARK

Question 5

Functional fixedness is a special case of the:

Accepted Answer

A) base-rate information effect. 
B) framing effect. 
C) sunk cost effect. 
D) confirmation bias. 
A) base-rate information effect. 
B) framing effect. 
C) sunk cost effect. 
D) confirmation bias.

Question 6

Which of the following is consistent with the word-superiority effect?

Accepted Answer

A) You can find letters faster by searching for letters rather than by reading words. 
B) You can recognize the difference between C and J alone faster than in COIN and JOIN. 
C) You can recognize the difference between C and J faster in XQCF and XQJF than in COIN and JOIN. 
D) A single letter can be identified faster when people read the whole word than when they focus attention on the critical letter. 
A) You can find letters faster by searching for letters rather than by reading words. 
B) You can recognize the difference between C and J alone faster than in COIN and JOIN. 
C) You can recognize the difference between C and J faster in XQCF and XQJF than in COIN and JOIN. 
D) A single letter can be identified faster when people read the whole word than when they focus attention on the critical letter.

Question 7

The tendency to answer a question differently when it is framed (phrased)differently is called the __________.
framing effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to answer a question differently...

Question 8

The language errors of 2- to 3-year-old children reveal that the children

Accepted Answer

A) do not yet understand the meanings of the words they say. 
B) seem to be applying grammatical rules,even when exceptions should apply. 
C) speak mostly by imitation and rarely make a new sentence they have not heard someone else say. 
D) learn to use the passive voice before they can use the active voice correctly. 
A) do not yet understand the meanings of the words they say. 
B) seem to be applying grammatical rules,even when exceptions should apply. 
C) speak mostly by imitation and rarely make a new sentence they have not heard someone else say. 
D) learn to use the passive voice before they can use the active voice correctly.

Question 9

What are heuristics?

Accepted Answer

A) mental representations of spatial arrangements 
B) mechanical,repetitive mathematical procedures for solving a problem 
C) strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding an investigation 
D) highly typical members of a category 
A) mental representations of spatial arrangements 
B) mechanical,repetitive mathematical procedures for solving a problem 
C) strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding an investigation 
D) highly typical members of a category

Question 10

A child learns the word feet,but several months later stops saying "feet" and instead uses "foots." What seems to be the primary cause (or best explanation)of this change?

Accepted Answer

A) The child learns foots is easier to pronounce. 
B) The child hears other people using the word foots. 
C) The child is trying to apply grammatical rules it is learning. 
D) The child is reinforced for saying "foots" by parents and siblings who are amused at the error. 
A) The child learns foots is easier to pronounce. 
B) The child hears other people using the word foots. 
C) The child is trying to apply grammatical rules it is learning. 
D) The child is reinforced for saying "foots" by parents and siblings who are amused at the error.

Question 11

Zeke sees someone at the grocery store who looks like a famous movie actor.He assumes it really is the actor and overlooks the fact that about 1% of all adult men look a little like that actor.What error has Zeke made?

Accepted Answer

A) failure to rely on the availability heuristic 
B) failure to use a cognitive map 
C) failure to consider base-rate information 
D) the Stroop effect 
A) failure to rely on the availability heuristic 
B) failure to use a cognitive map 
C) failure to consider base-rate information 
D) the Stroop effect

Question 12

A radar operator is trying to determine whether something on the screen is a hawk or a missile.Before deciding,the operator should consider which of the two is more common.In other words,the operator should consider

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics. 
B) base-rate information. 
C) the prototype. 
D) the cognitive map. 
A) heuristics. 
B) base-rate information. 
C) the prototype. 
D) the cognitive map.

Question 13

Define phoneme and morpheme.Identify the number of phonemes and number of morphemes in the following sentence: "The cat runs quickly."

Accepted Answer

A phoneme is a unit of sound;a

Question 14

During saccadic eye movements,

Accepted Answer

A) color vision is enhanced. 
B) foveal vision is stronger but peripheral vision is weaker. 
C) blood flow increases to the visual cortex. 
D) ability to see is greatly suppressed. 
A) color vision is enhanced. 
B) foveal vision is stronger but peripheral vision is weaker. 
C) blood flow increases to the visual cortex. 
D) ability to see is greatly suppressed.

Question 15

When we read,we generally are able to read the letter we are focused on,plus __________ characters to the left and __________ characters to the right.

Accepted Answer

A) 0...10 
B) 2...2 
C) 20...20 
D) 3...7 
A) 0...10 
B) 2...2 
C) 20...20 
D) 3...7

Question 16

Subjects in an experiment heard a tape-recorded sentence in which a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word legislatures (one of the words in the sentence).What were the results of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) The subjects claimed to have heard the missing "s". 
B) The subjects heard "legi" and "latures" as two separate words. 
C) The subjects filled in other letters for the missing "s". 
D) Many of the subjects denied hearing either a cough or a tone. 
A) The subjects claimed to have heard the missing "s". 
B) The subjects heard "legi" and "latures" as two separate words. 
C) The subjects filled in other letters for the missing "s". 
D) Many of the subjects denied hearing either a cough or a tone.

Question 17

A mechanical,repetitive procedure for solving a problem or testing every hypothesis is called

Accepted Answer

A) an heuristic. 
B) an algorithm. 
C) a prototype. 
D) a cognitive map. 
A) an heuristic. 
B) an algorithm. 
C) a prototype. 
D) a cognitive map.

Question 18

Transformational grammar is the set of rules we learn for

Accepted Answer

A) changing words from past to present tense,and vice versa. 
B) changing our manner of speech to conform to the audience (e.g. ,adults versus young children). 
C) translating foreign words into English. 
D) making and interpreting sentences. 
A) changing words from past to present tense,and vice versa. 
B) changing our manner of speech to conform to the audience (e.g. ,adults versus young children). 
C) translating foreign words into English. 
D) making and interpreting sentences.

Question 19

Infants around age 6 months babble.To what extent is their babbling influenced by what they hear?

Accepted Answer

A) The more the infant hears,the less it babbles. 
B) From birth onward,the amount of babbling is directly proportional to how much the parents talk to the infant. 
C) At first infants copy the sounds they hear;later they begin to invent new sounds of their own. 
D) At first,what infants hear makes no difference;later they begin to copy the sounds they hear. 
A) The more the infant hears,the less it babbles. 
B) From birth onward,the amount of babbling is directly proportional to how much the parents talk to the infant. 
C) At first infants copy the sounds they hear;later they begin to invent new sounds of their own. 
D) At first,what infants hear makes no difference;later they begin to copy the sounds they hear.

Question 20

An expert chess player and a beginner both look at a picture of chess pieces arranged on a chessboard as they might appear during a well-played game.Then both try to draw the picture from memory.Which one (if either)will probably do better,and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The expert will remember better because of a greater ability to recognize familiar patterns on the board. 
B) The expert will remember better because of superior overall memory. 
C) The beginner will remember better because the expert will be hampered by the effects of retroactive interference. 
D) Both will remember about equally well because the patterns are equally familiar. 
A) The expert will remember better because of a greater ability to recognize familiar patterns on the board. 
B) The expert will remember better because of superior overall memory. 
C) The beginner will remember better because the expert will be hampered by the effects of retroactive interference. 
D) Both will remember about equally well because the patterns are equally familiar.

All of the following are situations when it would be appropriate to use a heuristic EXCEPT

Several studies have compared the ability of expert chess players and beginners to memorize the positions of chess pieces arranged in various ways on the board.Which general conclusion do psychologists draw from the results of those studies?

How many morphemes are in the word "winters"?

An investigator flashes one or more letters on a screen and asks the viewer to look at the whole set and then say the first letter (the one on the left).After which of the following displays will it be easiest to give the correct answer?

Functional fixedness is a special case of the:

Which of the following is consistent with the word-superiority effect?

The tendency to answer a question differently when it is framed (phrased)differently is called the __________. framing effect

The language errors of 2- to 3-year-old children reveal that the children

What are heuristics?

A child learns the word feet,but several months later stops saying "feet" and instead uses "foots." What seems to be the primary cause (or best explanation)of this change?

Zeke sees someone at the grocery store who looks like a famous movie actor.He assumes it really is the actor and overlooks the fact that about 1% of all adult men look a little like that actor.What error has Zeke made?

A radar operator is trying to determine whether something on the screen is a hawk or a missile.Before deciding,the operator should consider which of the two is more common.In other words,the operator should consider

Define phoneme and morpheme.Identify the number of phonemes and number of morphemes in the following sentence: "The cat runs quickly."

During saccadic eye movements,

When we read,we generally are able to read the letter we are focused on,plus characters to the left and characters to the right.

Subjects in an experiment heard a tape-recorded sentence in which a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word legislatures (one of the words in the sentence).What were the results of this experiment?

A mechanical,repetitive procedure for solving a problem or testing every hypothesis is called

Transformational grammar is the set of rules we learn for

Infants around age 6 months babble.To what extent is their babbling influenced by what they hear?

An expert chess player and a beginner both look at a picture of chess pieces arranged on a chessboard as they might appear during a well-played game.Then both try to draw the picture from memory.Which one (if either)will probably do better,and why?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

All of the following are situations when it would be appropriate to use a heuristic EXCEPT

Several studies have compared the ability of expert chess players and beginners to memorize the positions of chess pieces arranged in various ways on the board.Which general conclusion do psychologists draw from the results of those studies?

How many morphemes are in the word "winters"?

An investigator flashes one or more letters on a screen and asks the viewer to look at the whole set and then say the first letter (the one on the left).After which of the following displays will it be easiest to give the correct answer?

Functional fixedness is a special case of the:

Which of the following is consistent with the word-superiority effect?

The tendency to answer a question differently when it is framed (phrased)differently is called the __________. framing effect

The language errors of 2- to 3-year-old children reveal that the children

What are heuristics?

A child learns the word feet,but several months later stops saying "feet" and instead uses "foots." What seems to be the primary cause (or best explanation)of this change?

Zeke sees someone at the grocery store who looks like a famous movie actor.He assumes it really is the actor and overlooks the fact that about 1% of all adult men look a little like that actor.What error has Zeke made?

A radar operator is trying to determine whether something on the screen is a hawk or a missile.Before deciding,the operator should consider which of the two is more common.In other words,the operator should consider

Define phoneme and morpheme.Identify the number of phonemes and number of morphemes in the following sentence: "The cat runs quickly."

During saccadic eye movements,

When we read,we generally are able to read the letter we are focused on,plus __________ characters to the left and __________ characters to the right.

Subjects in an experiment heard a tape-recorded sentence in which a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word legislatures (one of the words in the sentence).What were the results of this experiment?

A mechanical,repetitive procedure for solving a problem or testing every hypothesis is called

Transformational grammar is the set of rules we learn for

Infants around age 6 months babble.To what extent is their babbling influenced by what they hear?

An expert chess player and a beginner both look at a picture of chess pieces arranged on a chessboard as they might appear during a well-played game.Then both try to draw the picture from memory.Which one (if either)will probably do better,and why?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

When we read,we generally are able to read the letter we are focused on,plus characters to the left and characters to the right.