Question 1

Probably the best explanation for the classic Stroop effect would be that

Accepted Answer

A) reading always takes priority over color recognition. 
B) children typically outperform adults because of fewer established synaptic connections. 
C) one response dominates,perhaps automatically,and it will interfere with the less dominant response. 
D) people are unable to perform two tasks simultaneously. 
A) reading always takes priority over color recognition. 
B) children typically outperform adults because of fewer established synaptic connections. 
C) one response dominates,perhaps automatically,and it will interfere with the less dominant response. 
D) people are unable to perform two tasks simultaneously.

Question 2

Why is the word "Mama" used so universally?

Accepted Answer

A) "Muh" is one of the first sounds uttered by infants. 
B) Most languages developed from a similar ancient language. 
C) "Muh" is the only sound that infants can utter until they are about a year old. 
D) A natural adult response to an infant is to utter "muh" and infants imitate it. 
A) "Muh" is one of the first sounds uttered by infants. 
B) Most languages developed from a similar ancient language. 
C) "Muh" is the only sound that infants can utter until they are about a year old. 
D) A natural adult response to an infant is to utter "muh" and infants imitate it.

Question 3

How many phonemes are in the word "thoughtfully"?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 7 
D) 12 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 7 
D) 12

Question 4

When we read,we read a "window" of letters that may include letters in the next word as well as letters in the word we are focusing on.What happens when people are prevented from seeing those letters in the next word (i.e. ,are only allowed to read one word at a time)?

Accepted Answer

A) reading speed increases 
B) reading speed decreases 
C) reading speed is unaffected 
D) reading speed changes,but only for the first 30 minutes of the task 
A) reading speed increases 
B) reading speed decreases 
C) reading speed is unaffected 
D) reading speed changes,but only for the first 30 minutes of the task

Question 5

What is the typical age at which a baby says his or her first word?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 month 
B) 6 months 
C) 1 year 
D) 2 years 
A) 1 month 
B) 6 months 
C) 1 year 
D) 2 years

Question 6

In an experiment subjects heard a tape-recorded sound that sounded halfway between "dent" and "tent." For which of the sentences below (if any)would the subjects be equally likely to report either "DENT" or "TENT"?

Accepted Answer

A) "When the (*ENT)in the fender was well camouflaged,we sold the car." 
B) "When the (*ENT)in the forest was well camouflaged,we began our hike." 
C) "When the (*ENT)was noticed in the fender,we sold the car." 
D) None of the above: In the first and third sentences subjects would almost always report "DENT";in the sentence in answer B they would almost always report "TENT." 
A) "When the (*ENT)in the fender was well camouflaged,we sold the car." 
B) "When the (*ENT)in the forest was well camouflaged,we began our hike." 
C) "When the (*ENT)was noticed in the fender,we sold the car." 
D) None of the above: In the first and third sentences subjects would almost always report "DENT";in the sentence in answer B they would almost always report "TENT."

Question 7

Each unit of meaning in a word is called a

Accepted Answer

A) basic unit. 
B) syntax. 
C) phoneme. 
D) morpheme. 
A) basic unit. 
B) syntax. 
C) phoneme. 
D) morpheme.

Question 8

People often fail to notice something that occurs slowly,or while they are blinking their eyes or while moving their eyes.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A) the attentional blink. 
B) the Stroop effect. 
C) change blindness. 
D) the representativeness heuristic. 
A) the attentional blink. 
B) the Stroop effect. 
C) change blindness. 
D) the representativeness heuristic.

Question 9

Hungarian author Laszlo Polgar devoted enormous time and effort to teach his three daughters chess.What was he attempting to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) that expertise is something people are born with 
B) that expertise is possible in almost anyone,given sufficient effort 
C) that spatial skills in females are better than spatial skills in males 
D) that massed practice leads to faster learning than spaced practice 
A) that expertise is something people are born with 
B) that expertise is possible in almost anyone,given sufficient effort 
C) that spatial skills in females are better than spatial skills in males 
D) that massed practice leads to faster learning than spaced practice

Question 10

Critical thinking involves

Accepted Answer

A) evaluation of evidence for and against a conclusion. 
B) evaluation of evidence for a conclusion. 
C) evaluation of evidence against a conclusion. 
D) assumption of correctness of a conclusion until proven false. 
A) evaluation of evidence for and against a conclusion. 
B) evaluation of evidence for a conclusion. 
C) evaluation of evidence against a conclusion. 
D) assumption of correctness of a conclusion until proven false.

Question 11

The rate at which children pass through the various stages of language development

Accepted Answer

A) is slower in children of deaf parents,when the children have only periodic contact with speaking people. 
B) is faster in advanced countries than in third-world countries. 
C) is accelerated when parents expose their children to as much language as possible. 
D) is largely dependent on maturation and is about the same in cultures around the world. 
A) is slower in children of deaf parents,when the children have only periodic contact with speaking people. 
B) is faster in advanced countries than in third-world countries. 
C) is accelerated when parents expose their children to as much language as possible. 
D) is largely dependent on maturation and is about the same in cultures around the world.

Question 12

A student in one experiment is showing the Stroop effect.Which change in the usual procedure would probably stop the student from showing this effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Have the student hold the page closer to his or her eyes. 
B) Write the words in a language the student does not know. 
C) Write the words in all capital letters. 
D) Encourage the student to speak as rapidly as possible. 
A) Have the student hold the page closer to his or her eyes. 
B) Write the words in a language the student does not know. 
C) Write the words in all capital letters. 
D) Encourage the student to speak as rapidly as possible.

Question 13

In general,it is easier to learn a second language at a younger age than at an older age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

During a saccadic eye movement,

Accepted Answer

A) people are more attentive than usual to peripheral vision. 
B) activity decreases in the visual areas of the brain. 
C) color vision increases,but motion perception decreases. 
D) the average person can read about three or four words. 
A) people are more attentive than usual to peripheral vision. 
B) activity decreases in the visual areas of the brain. 
C) color vision increases,but motion perception decreases. 
D) the average person can read about three or four words.

Question 15

Reading the word "petal" in a paragraph before presenting the letters "ltepa" may predispose the respondent to solve the anagram as "petal" rather than "plate".This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive facilitation. 
B) priming. 
C) spreading activation. 
D) hindsight bias. 
A) cognitive facilitation. 
B) priming. 
C) spreading activation. 
D) hindsight bias.

Question 16

Strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding an investigation are known as

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics. 
B) algorithms. 
C) prototypes. 
D) cognitive maps. 
A) heuristics. 
B) algorithms. 
C) prototypes. 
D) cognitive maps.

Question 17

Not considering using an item (e.g.dime)in a non-traditional way (e.g.as a screwdriver)is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias. 
B) framing effect. 
C) functional fixedness. 
D) base-use effect. 
A) confirmation bias. 
B) framing effect. 
C) functional fixedness. 
D) base-use effect.

Question 18

When given a comparable choice between a certain outcome and a risky outcome,people generally choose the

Accepted Answer

A) risky outcome,regardless of whether the situation involves gains or losses. 
B) certain outcome,regardless of whether the situation involves gains or losses. 
C) risky outcome if the situation involves gains;certain outcome if the situation involves losses. 
D) certain outcome if the situation involves gains;risky outcome if the situation involves losses. 
A) risky outcome,regardless of whether the situation involves gains or losses. 
B) certain outcome,regardless of whether the situation involves gains or losses. 
C) risky outcome if the situation involves gains;certain outcome if the situation involves losses. 
D) certain outcome if the situation involves gains;risky outcome if the situation involves losses.

Question 19

What reason do we have for believing that children as young as age 2 or 3 years understand certain grammatical rules?

Accepted Answer

A) They can state the rules. 
B) They ask whether what they have just said was spoken correctly. 
C) They sometimes overgeneralize the rules. 
D) They correct other children who make grammatical mistakes. 
A) They can state the rules. 
B) They ask whether what they have just said was spoken correctly. 
C) They sometimes overgeneralize the rules. 
D) They correct other children who make grammatical mistakes.

Question 20

A person who suffers from __________ may be mentally retarded but still able to produce language in a normal and skillful way.
Williams syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who suffers from __________ may...

Probably the best explanation for the classic Stroop effect would be that

Why is the word "Mama" used so universally?

How many phonemes are in the word "thoughtfully"?

When we read,we read a "window" of letters that may include letters in the next word as well as letters in the word we are focusing on.What happens when people are prevented from seeing those letters in the next word (i.e. ,are only allowed to read one word at a time)?

What is the typical age at which a baby says his or her first word?

In an experiment subjects heard a tape-recorded sound that sounded halfway between "dent" and "tent." For which of the sentences below (if any)would the subjects be equally likely to report either "DENT" or "TENT"?

Each unit of meaning in a word is called a

People often fail to notice something that occurs slowly,or while they are blinking their eyes or while moving their eyes.This phenomenon is called

Hungarian author Laszlo Polgar devoted enormous time and effort to teach his three daughters chess.What was he attempting to demonstrate?

Critical thinking involves

The rate at which children pass through the various stages of language development

A student in one experiment is showing the Stroop effect.Which change in the usual procedure would probably stop the student from showing this effect?

In general,it is easier to learn a second language at a younger age than at an older age.

During a saccadic eye movement,

Reading the word "petal" in a paragraph before presenting the letters "ltepa" may predispose the respondent to solve the anagram as "petal" rather than "plate".This phenomenon is called

Strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding an investigation are known as

Not considering using an item (e.g.dime)in a non-traditional way (e.g.as a screwdriver)is an example of

When given a comparable choice between a certain outcome and a risky outcome,people generally choose the

What reason do we have for believing that children as young as age 2 or 3 years understand certain grammatical rules?

A person who suffers from __________ may be mentally retarded but still able to produce language in a normal and skillful way. Williams syndrome

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

Probably the best explanation for the classic Stroop effect would be that

Why is the word "Mama" used so universally?

How many phonemes are in the word "thoughtfully"?

When we read,we read a "window" of letters that may include letters in the next word as well as letters in the word we are focusing on.What happens when people are prevented from seeing those letters in the next word (i.e. ,are only allowed to read one word at a time)?

What is the typical age at which a baby says his or her first word?

In an experiment subjects heard a tape-recorded sound that sounded halfway between "dent" and "tent." For which of the sentences below (if any)would the subjects be equally likely to report either "DENT" or "TENT"?

Each unit of meaning in a word is called a

People often fail to notice something that occurs slowly,or while they are blinking their eyes or while moving their eyes.This phenomenon is called

Hungarian author Laszlo Polgar devoted enormous time and effort to teach his three daughters chess.What was he attempting to demonstrate?

Critical thinking involves

The rate at which children pass through the various stages of language development

A student in one experiment is showing the Stroop effect.Which change in the usual procedure would probably stop the student from showing this effect?

In general,it is easier to learn a second language at a younger age than at an older age.

During a saccadic eye movement,

Reading the word "petal" in a paragraph before presenting the letters "ltepa" may predispose the respondent to solve the anagram as "petal" rather than "plate".This phenomenon is called

Strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding an investigation are known as

Not considering using an item (e.g.dime)in a non-traditional way (e.g.as a screwdriver)is an example of

When given a comparable choice between a certain outcome and a risky outcome,people generally choose the

What reason do we have for believing that children as young as age 2 or 3 years understand certain grammatical rules?

A person who suffers from __________ may be mentally retarded but still able to produce language in a normal and skillful way. Williams syndrome

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters