Question 1

The quick jump your eyes make from one focus point to another is called a

Accepted Answer

A) saltatory skip. 
B) caracole. 
C) gambado. 
D) saccade. 
A) saltatory skip. 
B) caracole. 
C) gambado. 
D) saccade.

Question 2

Research on the development of expertise reveals that,in general,

Accepted Answer

A) experts were born with their special talent. 
B) it takes about 1-2 years of concentrated effort to become an expert in most fields. 
C) it takes about 10 years of concentrated effort to become an expert in most fields. 
D) it takes about 20 years of concentrated effort to become an expert in most fields. 
A) experts were born with their special talent. 
B) it takes about 1-2 years of concentrated effort to become an expert in most fields. 
C) it takes about 10 years of concentrated effort to become an expert in most fields. 
D) it takes about 20 years of concentrated effort to become an expert in most fields.

Question 3

When chess experts were shown a chess board and asked to recall the pieces,they

Accepted Answer

A) recalled more poorly than novices;apparently their expertise got in the way. 
B) remembered better than novices whether the pieces were arranged as in a game or randomly. 
C) remembered more poorly than novices if the pieces were arranged as in a game,but better if they were arranged randomly. 
D) remembered better than novices if the pieces were arranged as in a game,but about the same if they were arranged randomly. 
A) recalled more poorly than novices;apparently their expertise got in the way. 
B) remembered better than novices whether the pieces were arranged as in a game or randomly. 
C) remembered more poorly than novices if the pieces were arranged as in a game,but better if they were arranged randomly. 
D) remembered better than novices if the pieces were arranged as in a game,but about the same if they were arranged randomly.

Question 4

__________ is your tendency to respond to some stimuli more than others at any given time or to remember some stimuli more than others at any given time.
Attention

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is your tendency to respond to...

Question 5

Which of the following would you be most likely to find by a "preattentive" process?

Accepted Answer

A) one red object among a group of gray and white ones 
B) one E among a group of Fs 
C) one F among a group of Es 
D) one four-leaf clover among a group of three-leaf clovers 
A) one red object among a group of gray and white ones 
B) one E among a group of Fs 
C) one F among a group of Es 
D) one four-leaf clover among a group of three-leaf clovers

Question 6

It is clear that children as young as 2 or 3 years old are

Accepted Answer

A) able to solve abstract problems using formal operations. 
B) able to apply grammatical rules they have never learned formally. 
C) unable to relay messages back and forth across the corpus callosum. 
D) unable to produce novel utterances. 
A) able to solve abstract problems using formal operations. 
B) able to apply grammatical rules they have never learned formally. 
C) unable to relay messages back and forth across the corpus callosum. 
D) unable to produce novel utterances.

Question 7

In decision making,__________ means searching only until you find something that is good enough.

Accepted Answer

A) satisficing 
B) availability heuristic 
C) representative heuristic 
D) maximizing 
A) satisficing 
B) availability heuristic 
C) representative heuristic 
D) maximizing

Question 8

This chapter mainly concerns itself with which one of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

A) If you want to find out what people think or what they know,why not ask them? 
B) How can we measure thinking? 
C) How much can your attention hold at once? 
D) Why do people prefer a slim chance at a fortune to a small but sure gain? 
A) If you want to find out what people think or what they know,why not ask them? 
B) How can we measure thinking? 
C) How much can your attention hold at once? 
D) Why do people prefer a slim chance at a fortune to a small but sure gain?

Question 9

Good readers and poor readers are asked to read the sentence "He dug with the spade" and then asked if the sentence included anything related to "ace." The __________ readers promptly said no,presumably because they __________.

Accepted Answer

A) poor...unable to grasp multiple meanings of words 
B) poor...read too slowly to understand alternative meanings of words 
C) good...read too fast to understand alternative meanings of words 
D) good...more successfully suppressed the irrelevant meanings 
A) poor...unable to grasp multiple meanings of words 
B) poor...read too slowly to understand alternative meanings of words 
C) good...read too fast to understand alternative meanings of words 
D) good...more successfully suppressed the irrelevant meanings

Question 10

Modern psychologists who study how we use language believe that

Accepted Answer

A) thought is merely subvocal language. 
B) most,if not all,of the sentences we use are ones we have heard in the past and memorized. 
C) we learn rules for making and interpreting sentences,rather than memorizing all the sentences we will ever use. 
D) all primates are capable of understanding and producing language. 
A) thought is merely subvocal language. 
B) most,if not all,of the sentences we use are ones we have heard in the past and memorized. 
C) we learn rules for making and interpreting sentences,rather than memorizing all the sentences we will ever use. 
D) all primates are capable of understanding and producing language.

Question 11

The tendency to read the words,instead of saying the color of ink,is known as the Stroop effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is currently diagnosed in 40% of 7th graders. 
B) No environmental correlates have been identified. 
C) It is easy to differentiate children with ADHD from those with normal high energy. 
D) It is diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls. 
A) It is currently diagnosed in 40% of 7th graders. 
B) No environmental correlates have been identified. 
C) It is easy to differentiate children with ADHD from those with normal high energy. 
D) It is diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls.

Question 13

When people with ADD or ADHD participate in a Stop Signal Task,pressing a button in response to a circle unless a beep sounds immediately,

Accepted Answer

A) they do as well as people without ADD or ADHD,because they only have to pay attention for a short period of time. 
B) they do as well as people without ADD or ADHD,because this task is unrelated to the brain mechanisms affected by ADD or ADHD. 
C) they do worse than people without ADD or ADHD,because they have trouble inhibiting their responses. 
D) they do worse than people without ADD or ADHD,because males don't do well on the Stop Signal Task and most people diagnosed with ADD or ADHD are male. 
A) they do as well as people without ADD or ADHD,because they only have to pay attention for a short period of time. 
B) they do as well as people without ADD or ADHD,because this task is unrelated to the brain mechanisms affected by ADD or ADHD. 
C) they do worse than people without ADD or ADHD,because they have trouble inhibiting their responses. 
D) they do worse than people without ADD or ADHD,because males don't do well on the Stop Signal Task and most people diagnosed with ADD or ADHD are male.

Question 14

When people are asked how many animals of each species Moses took on the ark,many people answer "two" instead of noting that Noah,not Moses,was the ark-maker.This error has been interpreted in terms of

Accepted Answer

A) spreading activation. 
B) categorization by prototypes. 
C) the Stroop effect. 
D) the word-superiority effect. 
A) spreading activation. 
B) categorization by prototypes. 
C) the Stroop effect. 
D) the word-superiority effect.

Question 15

Which of the following types of people would be LEAST likely to show the word-superiority effect?

Accepted Answer

A) someone who is fluent in two languages 
B) a typical college student 
C) someone who is just learning how to read 
D) an expert chess player 
A) someone who is fluent in two languages 
B) a typical college student 
C) someone who is just learning how to read 
D) an expert chess player

Question 16

Children with Williams syndrome are theoretically fascinating because many of them

Accepted Answer

A) have good language despite low overall intelligence. 
B) have long attention span despite poor memory. 
C) have good visual memory despite poor overall vision. 
D) have strong motivations but weak emotions. 
A) have good language despite low overall intelligence. 
B) have long attention span despite poor memory. 
C) have good visual memory despite poor overall vision. 
D) have strong motivations but weak emotions.

Question 17

At least under certain circumstances,an expert chess player can memorize the positions of chess pieces on a board more rapidly and more accurately than a beginning chess player can.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Only people with a superior memory can ever progress far enough to become expert chess players. 
B) Practice at playing chess improves people's memory,not just in chess but in other regards as well. 
C) Expert chess players learn to recognize familiar patterns that often occur in chess games. 
D) Beginning chess players quickly become discouraged and do not even try to memorize the positions. 
A) Only people with a superior memory can ever progress far enough to become expert chess players. 
B) Practice at playing chess improves people's memory,not just in chess but in other regards as well. 
C) Expert chess players learn to recognize familiar patterns that often occur in chess games. 
D) Beginning chess players quickly become discouraged and do not even try to memorize the positions.

Question 18

Under which circumstances is it better to use heuristics to solve a problem than to rely on an algorithm?

Accepted Answer

A) when there are too many possible hypotheses to test them all 
B) when it is necessary to get an answer that is precisely accurate 
C) when it is possible to calculate the correct answer quickly and simply 
D) when the question has to do with physics or chemistry 
A) when there are too many possible hypotheses to test them all 
B) when it is necessary to get an answer that is precisely accurate 
C) when it is possible to calculate the correct answer quickly and simply 
D) when the question has to do with physics or chemistry

Question 19

Speed readers save time partly by keeping each fixation short.How else do they increase reading speed?

Accepted Answer

A) skip over many words completely 
B) take in more letters per fixation 
C) take in fewer letters per fixation 
D) focus on detail,rather than main points 
A) skip over many words completely 
B) take in more letters per fixation 
C) take in fewer letters per fixation 
D) focus on detail,rather than main points

Question 20

Someone who overlooks base-rate information is likely to make which kind of error?

Accepted Answer

A) accepting too large a risk of losing a large amount 
B) accepting the first hypothesis considered and rejecting all others 
C) being excessively cautious about making any decision at all 
D) identifying some common event as if it were some other,rare event 
A) accepting too large a risk of losing a large amount 
B) accepting the first hypothesis considered and rejecting all others 
C) being excessively cautious about making any decision at all 
D) identifying some common event as if it were some other,rare event

The quick jump your eyes make from one focus point to another is called a

Research on the development of expertise reveals that,in general,

When chess experts were shown a chess board and asked to recall the pieces,they

__________ is your tendency to respond to some stimuli more than others at any given time or to remember some stimuli more than others at any given time. Attention

Which of the following would you be most likely to find by a "preattentive" process?

It is clear that children as young as 2 or 3 years old are

In decision making,__________ means searching only until you find something that is good enough.

This chapter mainly concerns itself with which one of the following questions?

Good readers and poor readers are asked to read the sentence "He dug with the spade" and then asked if the sentence included anything related to "ace." The readers promptly said no,presumably because they .

Modern psychologists who study how we use language believe that

The tendency to read the words,instead of saying the color of ink,is known as the Stroop effect.

Which of the following statements regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is TRUE?

When people with ADD or ADHD participate in a Stop Signal Task,pressing a button in response to a circle unless a beep sounds immediately,

When people are asked how many animals of each species Moses took on the ark,many people answer "two" instead of noting that Noah,not Moses,was the ark-maker.This error has been interpreted in terms of

Which of the following types of people would be LEAST likely to show the word-superiority effect?

Children with Williams syndrome are theoretically fascinating because many of them

At least under certain circumstances,an expert chess player can memorize the positions of chess pieces on a board more rapidly and more accurately than a beginning chess player can.Why?

Under which circumstances is it better to use heuristics to solve a problem than to rely on an algorithm?

Speed readers save time partly by keeping each fixation short.How else do they increase reading speed?

Someone who overlooks base-rate information is likely to make which kind of error?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

The quick jump your eyes make from one focus point to another is called a

Research on the development of expertise reveals that,in general,

When chess experts were shown a chess board and asked to recall the pieces,they

__________ is your tendency to respond to some stimuli more than others at any given time or to remember some stimuli more than others at any given time. Attention

Which of the following would you be most likely to find by a "preattentive" process?

It is clear that children as young as 2 or 3 years old are

In decision making,__________ means searching only until you find something that is good enough.

This chapter mainly concerns itself with which one of the following questions?

Good readers and poor readers are asked to read the sentence "He dug with the spade" and then asked if the sentence included anything related to "ace." The __________ readers promptly said no,presumably because they __________.

Modern psychologists who study how we use language believe that

The tendency to read the words,instead of saying the color of ink,is known as the Stroop effect.

Which of the following statements regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is TRUE?

When people with ADD or ADHD participate in a Stop Signal Task,pressing a button in response to a circle unless a beep sounds immediately,

When people are asked how many animals of each species Moses took on the ark,many people answer "two" instead of noting that Noah,not Moses,was the ark-maker.This error has been interpreted in terms of

Which of the following types of people would be LEAST likely to show the word-superiority effect?

Children with Williams syndrome are theoretically fascinating because many of them

At least under certain circumstances,an expert chess player can memorize the positions of chess pieces on a board more rapidly and more accurately than a beginning chess player can.Why?

Under which circumstances is it better to use heuristics to solve a problem than to rely on an algorithm?

Speed readers save time partly by keeping each fixation short.How else do they increase reading speed?

Someone who overlooks base-rate information is likely to make which kind of error?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

Good readers and poor readers are asked to read the sentence "He dug with the spade" and then asked if the sentence included anything related to "ace." The readers promptly said no,presumably because they .