Question 1

The neuropsychological evidence (fMRI, patients with trauma) suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  exemplars are stored in a different part of the brain than prototypes. 
B)  different patterns of activity are seen when thinking about dogs versus cats. 
C)  we can narrow down a specific "grandmother" cell in the brain that contains all one's knowledge of one's grandmother. 
D)  categories of objects seem to be stored in similar neural areas (e.g., living things versus nonliving things). 
A)  exemplars are stored in a different part of the brain than prototypes. 
B)  different patterns of activity are seen when thinking about dogs versus cats. 
C)  we can narrow down a specific "grandmother" cell in the brain that contains all one's knowledge of one's grandmother. 
D)  categories of objects seem to be stored in similar neural areas (e.g., living things versus nonliving things).

Question 2

Categorization is plainly influenced by judgments about resemblance, but it is also influenced by factors other than resemblance. Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence indicating the importance of these other factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  People sometimes judge an object to be in a category despite the fact that it has virtually no resemblance to other objects in that category. 
B)  Resemblance plays a key role in the use of prototypes but plays no role in the well-documented use of exemplars. 
C)  Resemblance is typically determined by relatively superficial perceptual features, but sometimes categorization depends on deeper essential properties of the category. 
D)  In order to make judgments according to resemblance, we must be guided by other beliefs about which properties matter; otherwise, our judgments of resemblance may be guided by irrelevant attributes of the object. 
A)  People sometimes judge an object to be in a category despite the fact that it has virtually no resemblance to other objects in that category. 
B)  Resemblance plays a key role in the use of prototypes but plays no role in the well-documented use of exemplars. 
C)  Resemblance is typically determined by relatively superficial perceptual features, but sometimes categorization depends on deeper essential properties of the category. 
D)  In order to make judgments according to resemblance, we must be guided by other beliefs about which properties matter; otherwise, our judgments of resemblance may be guided by irrelevant attributes of the object.

Question 3

In one procedure, participants were asked to judge which was a "better" even number, 4 or 18. The participants

Accepted Answer

A)  were unable to perform this absurd task. 
B)  offered judgments that show that well-defined categories do not show the graded-membership pattern. 
C)  regarded all of the even numbers as being "equivalently even." 
D)  made the judgment in a fashion that implied a graded-membership pattern for the category "even number." 
A)  were unable to perform this absurd task. 
B)  offered judgments that show that well-defined categories do not show the graded-membership pattern. 
C)  regarded all of the even numbers as being "equivalently even." 
D)  made the judgment in a fashion that implied a graded-membership pattern for the category "even number."

Question 4

Categorization is of great importance to cognitive tasks. Which of the following is LEAST likely to benefit from the ability to categorize?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning new information 
B)  expanding current knowledge 
C)  generalizing to new situations 
D)  improving IQ 
A)  learning new information 
B)  expanding current knowledge 
C)  generalizing to new situations 
D)  improving IQ

Question 5

The text points out that plums and lawn mowers share many traits. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a strong resemblance between plums and lawn mowers. 
B)  resemblance is not influenced by shared traits. 
C)  in judging resemblance, we must determine which traits matter and which do not. 
D)  distinctive traits, and not shared traits, determine resemblance judgments. 
A)  there is a strong resemblance between plums and lawn mowers. 
B)  resemblance is not influenced by shared traits. 
C)  in judging resemblance, we must determine which traits matter and which do not. 
D)  distinctive traits, and not shared traits, determine resemblance judgments.

Question 6

It has been suggested that a rigid definition for a category is not possible and that resemblance (much like a family resemblance) may be more appropriate. Why is this the case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Categorization is very often a matter of degree, not an all-or-none process. 
B)  Categories constantly add new members. 
C)  Similarity is often subjective. 
D)  A rigid definition is unlikely to be accepted by everyone. 
A)  Categorization is very often a matter of degree, not an all-or-none process. 
B)  Categories constantly add new members. 
C)  Similarity is often subjective. 
D)  A rigid definition is unlikely to be accepted by everyone.

Question 7

Assuming a PDP framework, describe the process by which the concept "Mike Tyson is a boxer" would be updated to "Mike Tyson is an actor."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assuming a PDP framework, describe the process...

The neuropsychological evidence (fMRI, patients with trauma) suggests that

Categorization is plainly influenced by judgments about resemblance, but it is also influenced by factors other than resemblance. Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence indicating the importance of these other factors?

In one procedure, participants were asked to judge which was a "better" even number, 4 or 18. The participants

Categorization is of great importance to cognitive tasks. Which of the following is LEAST likely to benefit from the ability to categorize?

The text points out that plums and lawn mowers share many traits. This suggests that

It has been suggested that a rigid definition for a category is not possible and that resemblance (much like a family resemblance) may be more appropriate. Why is this the case?

Assuming a PDP framework, describe the process by which the concept "Mike Tyson is a boxer" would be updated to "Mike Tyson is an actor."

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 9: Concepts and Generic Knowledge

The neuropsychological evidence (fMRI, patients with trauma) suggests that

Categorization is plainly influenced by judgments about resemblance, but it is also influenced by factors other than resemblance. Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence indicating the importance of these other factors?

In one procedure, participants were asked to judge which was a "better" even number, 4 or 18. The participants

Categorization is of great importance to cognitive tasks. Which of the following is LEAST likely to benefit from the ability to categorize?

The text points out that plums and lawn mowers share many traits. This suggests that

It has been suggested that a rigid definition for a category is not possible and that resemblance (much like a family resemblance) may be more appropriate. Why is this the case?

Assuming a PDP framework, describe the process by which the concept "Mike Tyson is a boxer" would be updated to "Mike Tyson is an actor."

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters