Question 1

Why do rearrangements and changes in chromosome number sometimes affect gene activity or gene transmission?

Accepted Answer

Rearrangements or other changes that affect position,order,and number of genes can be deleterious if they alter the function of a critical gene,or if they disrupt gene balance,meaning small changes in the activity of multiple genes can have an aggregate effect that disrupts normal metabolism.

Question 2

The condition of semisterility is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomal duplications. 
B)  pericentric inversions. 
C)  translocation heterozygotes. 
D)  translocation homozygotes. 
E)  reciprocal crossovers. 
A)  chromosomal duplications. 
B)  pericentric inversions. 
C)  translocation heterozygotes. 
D)  translocation homozygotes. 
E)  reciprocal crossovers. C

Question 3

Retrotransposons and retroviruses have structural parallels.Which of the following also shares structural parallels with them?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA 
B)  dsDNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA 
E)  plasmid DNA 
A)  tRNA 
B)  dsDNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA 
E)  plasmid DNA D

Question 4

In terms of evolution,what is the most frequent outcome of repeated duplications of different segments of a species' genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  aneuploidy 
B)  semisterility 
C)  gene families 
D)  cancer 
E)  speciation 
A)  aneuploidy 
B)  semisterility 
C)  gene families 
D)  cancer 
E)  speciation

Question 5

Discuss why triploid organisms are almost always sterile.

Accepted Answer

Triploids are almost always sterile beca

Question 6

Most duplications have no obvious phenotypic consequences and can be detected only by cytological or molecular means.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Down syndrome can result from

Accepted Answer

A)  three copies of chromosome 21. 
B)  a translocation of a part of chromosome 21. 
C)  a reciprocal translocation between any two autosomes. 
D)  both A and B 
A)  three copies of chromosome 21. 
B)  a translocation of a part of chromosome 21. 
C)  a reciprocal translocation between any two autosomes. 
D)  both A and B

Question 8

Euploid cells contain only incomplete sets of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Genetic imbalance results from polyploidy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following do translocations and inversions not have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  don't alter the amount of DNA in the genome 
B)  able to alter gene function 
C)  use of inversion loops during crossing over 
D)  catalysts of speciation 
E)  able to change gene order 
A)  don't alter the amount of DNA in the genome 
B)  able to alter gene function 
C)  use of inversion loops during crossing over 
D)  catalysts of speciation 
E)  able to change gene order

Question 11

Individuals who are deletion heterozygotes have a greatly increased risk of losing both copies of certain genes and developing cancer.One such disease in humans is

Accepted Answer

A)  triplolethal. 
B)  scarlet eyes. 
C)  retinoblastoma. 
D)  cataracts. 
E)  sickle cell anemia. 
A)  triplolethal. 
B)  scarlet eyes. 
C)  retinoblastoma. 
D)  cataracts. 
E)  sickle cell anemia.

Question 12

The most common human aneuploidy is trisomy 21,Down syndrome.All of the effects listed below may be seen in this syndrome except

Accepted Answer

A)  death always by age 25. 
B)  mental retardation. 
C)  skeletal abnormalities. 
D)  heart defects. 
E)  increased susceptibility to infection. 
A)  death always by age 25. 
B)  mental retardation. 
C)  skeletal abnormalities. 
D)  heart defects. 
E)  increased susceptibility to infection.

Question 13

When comparing mouse and human Giemsa-stained karyotypes,we see no conservation of banding patterns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Karyotypes generally remain constant within a species because

Accepted Answer

A)  rearrangements occur frequently. 
B)  changes in chromosome number occur infrequently. 
C)  genetic instabilities produced by genomic changes usually are at a selective disadvantage. 
D)  genetic imbalances are often at a selective advantage. 
E)  DNA replication has evolved to handle only a specific number of chromosomes. 
A)  rearrangements occur frequently. 
B)  changes in chromosome number occur infrequently. 
C)  genetic instabilities produced by genomic changes usually are at a selective disadvantage. 
D)  genetic imbalances are often at a selective advantage. 
E)  DNA replication has evolved to handle only a specific number of chromosomes.

Question 15

Which of the following causes yellow corn kernels to gain red spots?

Accepted Answer

A)  insertion of a transposable element in a gene for yellow pigment production 
B)  excision of a transposable element from a gene for yellow pigment production 
C)  transposable element induced transactivation of a pigment producing gene 
D)  insertion of a transposable element in a gene for red pigment production 
E)  excision of a transposable element from a gene for red pigment production 
A)  insertion of a transposable element in a gene for yellow pigment production 
B)  excision of a transposable element from a gene for yellow pigment production 
C)  transposable element induced transactivation of a pigment producing gene 
D)  insertion of a transposable element in a gene for red pigment production 
E)  excision of a transposable element from a gene for red pigment production

Question 16

Reciprocal translocations are usually phenotypically normal because they have neither lost nor gained genetic material.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

One of the evolutionary effects of repeated duplications in a species genome could be development of gene families.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following removes material from the genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  inversion 
B)  duplication 
C)  deletion 
D)  translocation 
E)  replication 
A)  inversion 
B)  duplication 
C)  deletion 
D)  translocation 
E)  replication

Question 19

Duplication of chromosomal segments rarely has an effect on the evolution of genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Inversions may be hard to detect because they

Accepted Answer

A)  never visibly change chromosome banding patterns. 
B)  increase recombination in heterozygotes. 
C)  do not usually cause an abnormal phenotype. 
D)  normally are removed immediately in natural populations. 
E)  cannot involve more than 1000bp. 
A)  never visibly change chromosome banding patterns. 
B)  increase recombination in heterozygotes. 
C)  do not usually cause an abnormal phenotype. 
D)  normally are removed immediately in natural populations. 
E)  cannot involve more than 1000bp.

Exam 8: Digital Analysis of Genomes

Why do rearrangements and changes in chromosome number sometimes affect gene activity or gene transmission?

The condition of semisterility is most closely associated with

Retrotransposons and retroviruses have structural parallels.Which of the following also shares structural parallels with them?

In terms of evolution,what is the most frequent outcome of repeated duplications of different segments of a species' genome?

Discuss why triploid organisms are almost always sterile.

Most duplications have no obvious phenotypic consequences and can be detected only by cytological or molecular means.

Down syndrome can result from

Euploid cells contain only incomplete sets of chromosomes.

Genetic imbalance results from polyploidy.

Which of the following do translocations and inversions not have in common?

Individuals who are deletion heterozygotes have a greatly increased risk of losing both copies of certain genes and developing cancer.One such disease in humans is

The most common human aneuploidy is trisomy 21,Down syndrome.All of the effects listed below may be seen in this syndrome except

When comparing mouse and human Giemsa-stained karyotypes,we see no conservation of banding patterns.

Karyotypes generally remain constant within a species because

Which of the following causes yellow corn kernels to gain red spots?

Reciprocal translocations are usually phenotypically normal because they have neither lost nor gained genetic material.

One of the evolutionary effects of repeated duplications in a species genome could be development of gene families.

Which of the following removes material from the genome?

Duplication of chromosomal segments rarely has an effect on the evolution of genomes.

Inversions may be hard to detect because they

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

Dna Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Exploring Synthetic Biology: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications

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