Question 1

What is the advantage of emulsion PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  The accuracy of emulsion PCR is significantly higher compared to standard PCR. 
B)  The quality requirements of the template are lower than in standard PCR. 
C)  Millions of separate PCR reactions can be conducted in a single container using emulsion. 
D)  Read lengths can be increased almost four-fold using emulsion. 
E)  Pyrosequencing reactions can be performed within the emulsion. 
A)  The accuracy of emulsion PCR is significantly higher compared to standard PCR. 
B)  The quality requirements of the template are lower than in standard PCR. 
C)  Millions of separate PCR reactions can be conducted in a single container using emulsion. 
D)  Read lengths can be increased almost four-fold using emulsion. 
E)  Pyrosequencing reactions can be performed within the emulsion. C

Question 2

What is the probability that two,independent,10bp DNA sequences,are identical by chance?

Accepted Answer

A)  -104 
B)  (0.25)10 
C)  104 
D)  0.25 × 104 
E)  10-4 
A)  -104 
B)  (0.25)10 
C)  104 
D)  0.25 × 104 
E)  10-4 B

Question 3

How many genes have been estimated to be in the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  20,000-30,000 
B)  4,000-6,000 
C)  100,000-200,000 
D)  3-4 million 
E)  60,000-90,000 
A)  20,000-30,000 
B)  4,000-6,000 
C)  100,000-200,000 
D)  3-4 million 
E)  60,000-90,000 A

Question 4

Approximately what fraction of the human genome codes for proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  2% 
B)  33% 
C)  45% 
D)  78% 
E)  92% 
A)  2% 
B)  33% 
C)  45% 
D)  78% 
E)  92%

Question 5

Why is low-cost sequencing important to medicine,considering that the human genome project is considered complete?

Accepted Answer

A)  The original sequence is now known to contain a high proportion of misassembled regions. 
B)  The original sequence is now known to contain a high proportion of errors. 
C)  The high mutation frequency of non-coding DNA means the project must be repeated every decade. 
D)  The original reference sequence captured almost none of the variations in humans. 
E)  Sanger sequencing has a lower error rate than next-generation sequencing. 
A)  The original sequence is now known to contain a high proportion of misassembled regions. 
B)  The original sequence is now known to contain a high proportion of errors. 
C)  The high mutation frequency of non-coding DNA means the project must be repeated every decade. 
D)  The original reference sequence captured almost none of the variations in humans. 
E)  Sanger sequencing has a lower error rate than next-generation sequencing.

Question 6

GenBank is

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic database available only to scientists in the United States. 
B)  a fee for service repository owned by Celera. 
C)  a repository for both DNA and electronic sequence data. 
D)  the main venture capital group for biotechnology. 
E)  an open-access resource established by National Institutes of Health. 
A)  a genetic database available only to scientists in the United States. 
B)  a fee for service repository owned by Celera. 
C)  a repository for both DNA and electronic sequence data. 
D)  the main venture capital group for biotechnology. 
E)  an open-access resource established by National Institutes of Health.

Question 7

A contig is

Accepted Answer

A)  a map of genetic markers that are separated by less than 1cM. 
B)  a map showing the order of cloned bits of DNA. 
C)  unique DNA sequences that serve as molecular markers. 
D)  sets of two or more partially overlapping cloned DNA fragments that together cover an uninterrupted stretch of a genome. 
E)  a segment of repetitive DNA. 
A)  a map of genetic markers that are separated by less than 1cM. 
B)  a map showing the order of cloned bits of DNA. 
C)  unique DNA sequences that serve as molecular markers. 
D)  sets of two or more partially overlapping cloned DNA fragments that together cover an uninterrupted stretch of a genome. 
E)  a segment of repetitive DNA.

Question 8

Which of the following is most highly conserved in a comparison between distantly related species (e.g.a fish and a primate)?

Accepted Answer

A)  3'UTR 
B)  5'UTR 
C)  protein-coding sequences 
D)  introns 
E)  intergenic regions 
A)  3'UTR 
B)  5'UTR 
C)  protein-coding sequences 
D)  introns 
E)  intergenic regions

Question 9

Paired-end sequences are defined by the presence of matching DNA sequences at the end of each molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the context of human genome sequencing,which of the following terms is associated with the approach used by the publicly funded project,but is not associated with the approach used by Celera?

Accepted Answer

A)  BAC 
B)  STS 
C)  contig 
D)  Sanger 
E)  assembly 
A)  BAC 
B)  STS 
C)  contig 
D)  Sanger 
E)  assembly

Question 11

In the context of human genome sequencing,the publicly funded approach _____________ while,in contrast,Celera ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  used a whole genome shotgun strategy;used a hierarchical shotgun strategy 
B)  sequenced only the gene-rich regions of the genome;sequenced the entire genome 
C)  used a strategy that became standard;used an approach that is largely discredited 
D)  sequenced each chromosome from end to end;did not sequence heterochromatic regions 
E)  obtained a minimum tiling path;did not obtain a minimum tiling path 
A)  used a whole genome shotgun strategy;used a hierarchical shotgun strategy 
B)  sequenced only the gene-rich regions of the genome;sequenced the entire genome 
C)  used a strategy that became standard;used an approach that is largely discredited 
D)  sequenced each chromosome from end to end;did not sequence heterochromatic regions 
E)  obtained a minimum tiling path;did not obtain a minimum tiling path

Question 12

An organism's genome is

Accepted Answer

A)  the sequence of its genes for brain cells. 
B)  the sequence of its genes for the heart. 
C)  the DNA content of its sex chromosomes. 
D)  the DNA content of its mitochondrial genes. 
E)  the DNA content and sequence of all of its genes. 
A)  the sequence of its genes for brain cells. 
B)  the sequence of its genes for the heart. 
C)  the DNA content of its sex chromosomes. 
D)  the DNA content of its mitochondrial genes. 
E)  the DNA content and sequence of all of its genes.

Question 13

The most important advantage of paired-ends is that they allow assembly of genomic regions that contain repetitive DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How might the information from personalized genome sequencing be unwelcome?

Accepted Answer

When genome sequencing reveals the prese

Question 15

Gene therapy is possible for some genes in humans at present.Which of the following are potential problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  large size of genes 
B)  identifying the responsible gene 
C)  random integration of transforming DNA 
D)  tissue-specific gene expression 
E)  large size of genes,identifying the responsible gene,and tissue-specific gene expression 
A)  large size of genes 
B)  identifying the responsible gene 
C)  random integration of transforming DNA 
D)  tissue-specific gene expression 
E)  large size of genes,identifying the responsible gene,and tissue-specific gene expression

Question 16

Humans have one of the largest and most complex genomes of any vertebrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The output of pyrosequencing would be most different from the output of Sanger sequencing for which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  CATATG 
B)  ATGATG 
C)  CGCGCG 
D)  TTTTTT 
E)  CACACA 
A)  CATATG 
B)  ATGATG 
C)  CGCGCG 
D)  TTTTTT 
E)  CACACA

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sequence covers 99.99% of the genome. 
B)  The reference genome includes the sequence of more than one person. 
C)  The project has profoundly changed the way medicine is practiced. 
D)  The project cost $30 billion to complete. 
E)  The project was funded entirely by private companies. 
A)  The sequence covers 99.99% of the genome. 
B)  The reference genome includes the sequence of more than one person. 
C)  The project has profoundly changed the way medicine is practiced. 
D)  The project cost $30 billion to complete. 
E)  The project was funded entirely by private companies.

Question 19

Which of the following is not true of a comparison between Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cost per base is higher in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing. 
B)  The length of each sequence read is lower in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing. 
C)  Sanger sequencing is an older technology than pyrosequencing. 
D)  The number of parallel reactions is orders of magnitude lower in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing. 
E)  The total output of a sequencing run (bp)is orders of magnitude lower in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing. 
A)  The cost per base is higher in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing. 
B)  The length of each sequence read is lower in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing. 
C)  Sanger sequencing is an older technology than pyrosequencing. 
D)  The number of parallel reactions is orders of magnitude lower in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing. 
E)  The total output of a sequencing run (bp)is orders of magnitude lower in Sanger sequencing than in pyrosequencing.

Question 20

Costs to sequence a human genome have decreased from $3 billion to under $10,000.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: The Genetic Analysis of Development

What is the advantage of emulsion PCR?

What is the probability that two,independent,10bp DNA sequences,are identical by chance?

How many genes have been estimated to be in the human genome?

Approximately what fraction of the human genome codes for proteins?

Why is low-cost sequencing important to medicine,considering that the human genome project is considered complete?

GenBank is

A contig is

Which of the following is most highly conserved in a comparison between distantly related species (e.g.a fish and a primate)?

Paired-end sequences are defined by the presence of matching DNA sequences at the end of each molecule.

In the context of human genome sequencing,which of the following terms is associated with the approach used by the publicly funded project,but is not associated with the approach used by Celera?

In the context of human genome sequencing,the publicly funded approach _____________ while,in contrast,Celera ______________.

An organism's genome is

The most important advantage of paired-ends is that they allow assembly of genomic regions that contain repetitive DNA.

How might the information from personalized genome sequencing be unwelcome?

Gene therapy is possible for some genes in humans at present.Which of the following are potential problems?

Humans have one of the largest and most complex genomes of any vertebrate.

The output of pyrosequencing would be most different from the output of Sanger sequencing for which of the following sequences?

Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project is true?

Which of the following is not true of a comparison between Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing?

Costs to sequence a human genome have decreased from $3 billion to under $10,000.

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

Dna Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Exploring Synthetic Biology: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications

Filters

In the context of human genome sequencing,the publicly funded approach _ while,in contrast,Celera __.