Question 1

The concept of ________ considers how strongly people's reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values.

Accepted Answer

A) self-serving bias 
B) self-fulfilling prophecy 
C) self-concordance 
D) self-actualization 
E) self-efficacy 
A) self-serving bias 
B) self-fulfilling prophecy 
C) self-concordance 
D) self-actualization 
E) self-efficacy

Question 2

Explain what an MBO program is and discuss the common elements of MBO programs and goal-setting theory.

Accepted Answer

Management by objectives (MBO)is a progr

Question 3

Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) self-serving theory 
B) motivation-hygiene theory 
C) two-factor theory 
D) self-determination theory 
E) goal setting theory 
A) self-serving theory 
B) motivation-hygiene theory 
C) two-factor theory 
D) self-determination theory 
E) goal setting theory

Question 4

Following this discovery, Megan starts coming to work late and her productivity begins to suffer. Which of the following is most similar to the scenario mentioned above based on the equity theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Dawn starts coming to work early and stays late once she learns that the mid-term review is around the corner. 
B) Greg believes he works harder than any of the other members in his department as they often leave the office before him. 
C) Lisa starts working longer hours after learning that her co-workers earn less than she does for the same work. 
D) Myrtle produces a higher number of units to compensate for the lower quality of her output. 
E) Beth submits her resignation after she was passed over for promotion for the second time. 
A) Dawn starts coming to work early and stays late once she learns that the mid-term review is around the corner. 
B) Greg believes he works harder than any of the other members in his department as they often leave the office before him. 
C) Lisa starts working longer hours after learning that her co-workers earn less than she does for the same work. 
D) Myrtle produces a higher number of units to compensate for the lower quality of her output. 
E) Beth submits her resignation after she was passed over for promotion for the second time.

Question 5

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not adequately describe the original behavior. 
B) It places too much emphasis on feelings and attitudes. 
C) Most behavior is, in fact, environmentally caused. 
D) It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior. 
E) It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables. 
A) It does not adequately describe the original behavior. 
B) It places too much emphasis on feelings and attitudes. 
C) Most behavior is, in fact, environmentally caused. 
D) It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior. 
E) It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables.

Question 6

Which of the following theories proposes the idea of a dual continuum?

Accepted Answer

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory 
B) self-determination theory 
C) two-factor theory 
D) cognitive evaluation theory 
E) McClelland's theory of needs 
A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory 
B) self-determination theory 
C) two-factor theory 
D) cognitive evaluation theory 
E) McClelland's theory of needs

Question 7

Why is Maslow's theory criticized?

Accepted Answer

A) The concept of self-actualization was unfounded. 
B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes. 
C) The esteem need is a more powerful motivator than self-actualization. 
D) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied. 
E) It does not adequately describe how an organization can satisfy higher-order needs. 
A) The concept of self-actualization was unfounded. 
B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes. 
C) The esteem need is a more powerful motivator than self-actualization. 
D) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied. 
E) It does not adequately describe how an organization can satisfy higher-order needs.

Question 8

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.

Accepted Answer

A) need to be directed 
B) prefer to be controlled 
C) learn to accept responsibility 
D) need to be micromanaged 
E) attempt to avoid work 
A) need to be directed 
B) prefer to be controlled 
C) learn to accept responsibility 
D) need to be micromanaged 
E) attempt to avoid work

Question 9

The Pygmalion effect is not a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Karen graduated from college four years ago and has been working at Betaphy Inc. ever since. She has consistently received good performance evaluations for the quality of her work. She recently found out that her company hired a fresh college graduate with no experience at a salary higher than hers. Which of the following theories will Karen most likely use to evaluate this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement 
B) goal setting 
C) equity 
D) expectancy 
E) operant conditioning 
A) reinforcement 
B) goal setting 
C) equity 
D) expectancy 
E) operant conditioning

Question 11

Why do people who perceive themselves as victims of interactional injustice often blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large?

Accepted Answer

A) Interpersonal justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information. 
B) Interactional injustice usually occurs during face-to-face encounters. 
C) When people are not treated with respect, they tend to retaliate against those closest at hand. 
D) Interactional injustice is in the eyes of those who perceive they are disrespected. 
E) Interactional injustice is most often the result of the impersonal policies of the organization. 
A) Interpersonal justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information. 
B) Interactional injustice usually occurs during face-to-face encounters. 
C) When people are not treated with respect, they tend to retaliate against those closest at hand. 
D) Interactional injustice is in the eyes of those who perceive they are disrespected. 
E) Interactional injustice is most often the result of the impersonal policies of the organization.

Question 12

Workers around the world prefer rewards based on seniority over rewards based on performance and skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What are the four referent comparisons that add to the complexity of equity theory?

Accepted Answer

There are four referent comparisons:
1.S

Question 14

Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan?

Accepted Answer

A) social 
B) esteem 
C) physiological 
D) self-actualization 
E) safety 
A) social 
B) esteem 
C) physiological 
D) self-actualization 
E) safety

Question 15

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What are the three relationships in Vroom's expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory argues that the streng

Question 17

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias 
B) Pygmalion effect 
C) anchoring bias 
D) framing effect 
E) Electra complex 
A) confirmation bias 
B) Pygmalion effect 
C) anchoring bias 
D) framing effect 
E) Electra complex

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control. 
B) Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback. 
C) Generalized goals produce a higher level of output than specific goals. 
D) People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. 
E) Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather than high power-distance cultures. 
A) Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control. 
B) Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback. 
C) Generalized goals produce a higher level of output than specific goals. 
D) People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. 
E) Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather than high power-distance cultures.

Question 19

According to the equity theory, what are the choices made by employees who perceive inequity?

Accepted Answer

Based on equity theory, employees who pe

Question 20

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.

Accepted Answer

A) competence and positive connections 
B) high rewards 
C) recognition and status 
D) career growth 
E) power and control 
A) competence and positive connections 
B) high rewards 
C) recognition and status 
D) career growth 
E) power and control

The concept of ________ considers how strongly people's reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values.

Explain what an MBO program is and discuss the common elements of MBO programs and goal-setting theory.

Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation?

Following this discovery, Megan starts coming to work late and her productivity begins to suffer. Which of the following is most similar to the scenario mentioned above based on the equity theory?

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?

Which of the following theories proposes the idea of a dual continuum?

Why is Maslow's theory criticized?

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.

The Pygmalion effect is not a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Why do people who perceive themselves as victims of interactional injustice often blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large?

Workers around the world prefer rewards based on seniority over rewards based on performance and skills.

What are the four referent comparisons that add to the complexity of equity theory?

Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan?

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

What are the three relationships in Vroom's expectancy theory?

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

According to the equity theory, what are the choices made by employees who perceive inequity?

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters

Exam 7: Motivation Concepts

The concept of ________ considers how strongly people's reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values.

Explain what an MBO program is and discuss the common elements of MBO programs and goal-setting theory.

Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation?

Following this discovery, Megan starts coming to work late and her productivity begins to suffer. Which of the following is most similar to the scenario mentioned above based on the equity theory?

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?

Which of the following theories proposes the idea of a dual continuum?

Why is Maslow's theory criticized?

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.

The Pygmalion effect is not a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Why do people who perceive themselves as victims of interactional injustice often blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large?

Workers around the world prefer rewards based on seniority over rewards based on performance and skills.

What are the four referent comparisons that add to the complexity of equity theory?

Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan?

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

What are the three relationships in Vroom's expectancy theory?

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

According to the equity theory, what are the choices made by employees who perceive inequity?

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters