Question 1

Of mean, median, and modal, what value is the most common value in a given population?

Accepted Answer

modal

Question 2

If H2 for club foot is estimated as 80%, would you expect a small difference in concordances between MZ and DZ twins, such as 30 versus 27, or a large difference, such as 30 versus 2?

Accepted Answer

large difference or 30 versus 2

Question 3

A strain of a cereal grain can be either dark tan, medium- dark tan, medium tan, light tan, or cream colored. When a dark tan and a cream plant are crossed, all F1 are medium tan. The F2 are distributed in a ratio of 1:4:6:4:1 from darkest to lightest. How many genes are involved in this coloration?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 4

In which order should the following steps be done to identify a quantitative trait locus (QTL) gene t contributes to the phenotypic variation in a trait? I. DNA and protein sequence analyses are used to determine if there is a correlation with phenoty variation
II. Each of the offspring is individually backcrossed with the same parent, usually the one expressi phenotype more strongly
III. Lod scores are calculated for each genetic marker to find QTLs
IV. The genotype of the progeny at genetic markers located every 5- 10 cM is determined for each introgression line
V. Two individuals which exhibit the extremes of a specific phenotype are crossed
VI. DNA sequence variants among introgression lines are analyzed to find candidate genes

Accepted Answer

A)  V, II, IV, III, VI, I 
B)  V, IV, III, II, VI, I 
C)  V, IV, II, III, I, VI 
D)  I, V, III, II, IV, VI 
E)  I, II, IV, III, VI, V 
A)  V, II, IV, III, VI, I 
B)  V, IV, III, II, VI, I 
C)  V, IV, II, III, I, VI 
D)  I, V, III, II, IV, VI 
E)  I, II, IV, III, VI, V

Question 5

A scientist is studying insect wing length. An individual from a pure- breeding parental line (P1), for which the VP is 40 mm2, is mated with an individual from a pure- breeding parental line (P2), for which the VP is 80 mm2. This results in F1 progeny that have a VP of 54 mm2. A cross between two F1 progeny results in offspring with a VP of 92 mm. What is the genotypic variance?

Accepted Answer

A)  34 mm 
B)  32 mm 
C)  14 mm 
D)  38 mm 
E)  58 mm 
A)  34 mm 
B)  32 mm 
C)  14 mm 
D)  38 mm 
E)  58 mm

Question 6

Which of the following formulas can be used to calculate broad sense heritability (H2)?

Accepted Answer

A)  VA / VP 
B)  (VA + VD + VI)/ VP 
C)  VE / VP 
D)  R/S 
E)  S(h2) 
A)  VA / VP 
B)  (VA + VD + VI)/ VP 
C)  VE / VP 
D)  R/S 
E)  S(h2)

Question 7

For a specific trait, monozygotic twins have a phenotypic variance of 15% and dizygotic twins have a phenotypic variance of 40%. Which of the following can be concluded for this trait based on this data from a twin study?

Accepted Answer

A)  VG for monozygotic twins is 15% 
B)  VG for dizygotic twins is 25% 
C)  VE for monozygotic twins is 30% 
D)  VG for dizygotic twins is 50% 
E)  VE for dizygotic twins is 25% 
A)  VG for monozygotic twins is 15% 
B)  VG for dizygotic twins is 25% 
C)  VE for monozygotic twins is 30% 
D)  VG for dizygotic twins is 50% 
E)  VE for dizygotic twins is 25%

Question 8

QTL mapping resembles linkage analysis primarily because ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  it uses the three- point mapping method 
B)  it uses statistics to analyze its data 
C)  the results are quantifiable 
D)  it uses the location of a known DNA marker 
E)  the distances are reported in cM 
A)  it uses the three- point mapping method 
B)  it uses statistics to analyze its data 
C)  the results are quantifiable 
D)  it uses the location of a known DNA marker 
E)  the distances are reported in cM

Question 9

A pure- breeding tree that produces fruit with 12 seeds, the smallest number of seeds possible, is mated with a pure- breeding tree that produces fruit with 36 seeds, the largest number of seeds possible. This polygenic trait is controlled by two alleles, which both contribute to the phenotype, present at multiple loci. When two F1 individuals are mated, 7 phenotypes result. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  One of the additive alleles contributes 2 seeds to the seed content of the fruit. 
B)  There are 3 genes that control this polygenic trait. 
C)  One of the additive alleles contributes 6 seeds to the seed content of the fruit. 
D)  One of the F2 phenotypic classes has 18 seeds. 
E)  The F1 offspring all have 24 seeds. 
A)  One of the additive alleles contributes 2 seeds to the seed content of the fruit. 
B)  There are 3 genes that control this polygenic trait. 
C)  One of the additive alleles contributes 6 seeds to the seed content of the fruit. 
D)  One of the F2 phenotypic classes has 18 seeds. 
E)  The F1 offspring all have 24 seeds.

Question 10

As broad sense heritability (H2) approaches 0.0, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Almost all the variation in phenotype is VE. 
B)  Identical (MZ) twins are virtually all discordant. 
C)  Almost all the variation in phenotype is VG. 
D)  Narrow sense heritability (h2) approaches 1. 
E)  Fraternal (DZ) twins are virtually all concordant. 
A)  Almost all the variation in phenotype is VE. 
B)  Identical (MZ) twins are virtually all discordant. 
C)  Almost all the variation in phenotype is VG. 
D)  Narrow sense heritability (h2) approaches 1. 
E)  Fraternal (DZ) twins are virtually all concordant.

Question 11

A sexually reproducing species of algae has been engineered to produce biofuels with varying yields. A colony with the highest yield is stimulated to reproduce with a colony with the lowest yield and the resulting F1 progeny are allowed to grow. Yields among the F1 generation have a variance of 7.8 g2. The F1are allowed to mate and the resulting progeny are sampled and found to have a variance of 9.1 g2. Assuming that the F1 progeny are genetically uniform, determine the broad sense heritability (H2) and interpret if genetic heritability is low or high.

Accepted Answer

A)  H2 = 0.86, genetic variability is high 
B)  H2 = 0.17, genetic variability is low 
C)  H2 = 0.14, genetic variability is high 
D)  H2 = 0.14, genetic variability is low 
E)  H2 = 0.86, genetic variability is low 
A)  H2 = 0.86, genetic variability is high 
B)  H2 = 0.17, genetic variability is low 
C)  H2 = 0.14, genetic variability is high 
D)  H2 = 0.14, genetic variability is low 
E)  H2 = 0.86, genetic variability is low

Question 12

A group is experimenting with selection in a mouse model for a disease that is lethal in mid- life. After 30 generations of exposure, the population's average life span is near that of a wild- type mouse population. What type of selection did the model mouse population undergo?

Accepted Answer

A)  disruptive selection 
B)  directional selection 
C)  threshold effect 
D)  additive genes 
E)  stabilizing selection 
A)  disruptive selection 
B)  directional selection 
C)  threshold effect 
D)  additive genes 
E)  stabilizing selection

Question 13

A cultivator is breeding a crop for increased fruit production. The mean fruit weight in the population in 500g and the plants selected for breeding have an average fruit weight of 450g. The response to selection (R) is - 25g. What is the narrow sense heritability (h2)?

Accepted Answer

A)  h2 = 0.20 
B)  h2 = 2.00 
C)  h2 = 0.05 
D)  h2 = 0.50 
E)  h2 = 0.06 
A)  h2 = 0.20 
B)  h2 = 2.00 
C)  h2 = 0.05 
D)  h2 = 0.50 
E)  h2 = 0.06

Question 14

Distinguish between broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability, and explain how either or both of these measures can be used to inform those using artificial selection.

Accepted Answer

Narrow sense heritability refers to the

Question 15

For the following traits, the concordances of MZ and DZ twins are given as percentages. Which trait unlikely to have a strong genetic influence? $\begin{array}{ccc}
\text { Traits } & \text { \% concordance between } \mathrm{MZ} & \text { \% concordance between DZ } \
\text { A) } & 59 & 62 \
\text { B) } & 54 & 36 \
\text { C) } & 90 & 10 \
\text { D) } & 37 & 6 \
\text { E) } & 95 & 65
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following traits, the concordances of...

Question 16

A GWA study relies on the correlation between a QTL and a________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of A GWA study relies on the correlation...

Question 17

A strain of a cereal grain can be either dark tan, medium- dark tan, medium tan, light tan, or cream colored. When plants pure- breeding for dark tan grains and cream grains are crossed, all F1 have medium tan grains. If the F1 are crossed, what proportion of the F2 will be light tan?

Accepted Answer

Question 18

The brain mass in a population of mice has a phenotypic variance of 0.56 g2 and an environmental variance of 0.14 g2. What is the broad sense heritability (H2)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.54 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.75 
D)  0.42 
E)  The broad sense heritability cannot be calculated with the data provided 
A)  1.54 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.75 
D)  0.42 
E)  The broad sense heritability cannot be calculated with the data provided

Question 19

Describe how quantitative traits can be explained in Mendelian terms.

Accepted Answer

The multiple- gene hypothesis is the pro

Question 20

Many human behavioral traits have both genetic and environmental components. Bipolar disorder has long been known to be familial, and more recently a number of genes and/or SNPs have been found to be involved. What are three or more reasons that this research has been hampered?

Accepted Answer

1. Complexity of the disorder: Bipolar d

Of mean, median, and modal, what value is the most common value in a given population?

If H2 for club foot is estimated as 80%, would you expect a small difference in concordances between MZ and DZ twins, such as 30 versus 27, or a large difference, such as 30 versus 2?

Which of the following formulas can be used to calculate broad sense heritability (H²)?

For a specific trait, monozygotic twins have a phenotypic variance of 15% and dizygotic twins have a phenotypic variance of 40%. Which of the following can be concluded for this trait based on this data from a twin study?

QTL mapping resembles linkage analysis primarily because ______.

As broad sense heritability (H²) approaches 0.0, which of the following must be true?

A group is experimenting with selection in a mouse model for a disease that is lethal in mid- life. After 30 generations of exposure, the population's average life span is near that of a wild- type mouse population. What type of selection did the model mouse population undergo?

A cultivator is breeding a crop for increased fruit production. The mean fruit weight in the population in 500g and the plants selected for breeding have an average fruit weight of 450g. The response to selection (R) is - 25g. What is the narrow sense heritability (h²)?

Distinguish between broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability, and explain how either or both of these measures can be used to inform those using artificial selection.

For the following traits, the concordances of MZ and DZ twins are given as percentages. Which trait unlikely to have a strong genetic influence? Traits \% concordance between \% concordance between DZ A) 59 62 B) 54 36 C) 90 10 D) 37 6 E) 95 65

A GWA study relies on the correlation between a QTL and a________ .

A strain of a cereal grain can be either dark tan, medium- dark tan, medium tan, light tan, or cream colored. When plants pure- breeding for dark tan grains and cream grains are crossed, all F₁ have medium tan grains. If the F₁are crossed, what proportion of the F₂ will be light tan?

The brain mass in a population of mice has a phenotypic variance of 0.56 g² and an environmental variance of 0.14 g². What is the broad sense heritability (H²)?

Describe how quantitative traits can be explained in Mendelian terms.

Many human behavioral traits have both genetic and environmental components. Bipolar disorder has long been known to be familial, and more recently a number of genes and/or SNPs have been found to be involved. What are three or more reasons that this research has been hampered?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Filters

Exam 19: Developmental Genetics

Of mean, median, and modal, what value is the most common value in a given population?

If H2 for club foot is estimated as 80%, would you expect a small difference in concordances between MZ and DZ twins, such as 30 versus 27, or a large difference, such as 30 versus 2?

Which of the following formulas can be used to calculate broad sense heritability (H2)?

For a specific trait, monozygotic twins have a phenotypic variance of 15% and dizygotic twins have a phenotypic variance of 40%. Which of the following can be concluded for this trait based on this data from a twin study?

QTL mapping resembles linkage analysis primarily because ______.

As broad sense heritability (H2) approaches 0.0, which of the following must be true?

A group is experimenting with selection in a mouse model for a disease that is lethal in mid- life. After 30 generations of exposure, the population's average life span is near that of a wild- type mouse population. What type of selection did the model mouse population undergo?

A cultivator is breeding a crop for increased fruit production. The mean fruit weight in the population in 500g and the plants selected for breeding have an average fruit weight of 450g. The response to selection (R) is - 25g. What is the narrow sense heritability (h2)?

Distinguish between broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability, and explain how either or both of these measures can be used to inform those using artificial selection.

For the following traits, the concordances of MZ and DZ twins are given as percentages. Which trait unlikely to have a strong genetic influence? Traits \% concordance between \% concordance between DZ A) 59 62 B) 54 36 C) 90 10 D) 37 6 E) 95 65

A GWA study relies on the correlation between a QTL and a________ .

A strain of a cereal grain can be either dark tan, medium- dark tan, medium tan, light tan, or cream colored. When plants pure- breeding for dark tan grains and cream grains are crossed, all F1 have medium tan grains. If the F1 are crossed, what proportion of the F2 will be light tan?

The brain mass in a population of mice has a phenotypic variance of 0.56 g2 and an environmental variance of 0.14 g2. What is the broad sense heritability (H2)?

Describe how quantitative traits can be explained in Mendelian terms.

Many human behavioral traits have both genetic and environmental components. Bipolar disorder has long been known to be familial, and more recently a number of genes and/or SNPs have been found to be involved. What are three or more reasons that this research has been hampered?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Filters

Which of the following formulas can be used to calculate broad sense heritability (H²)?

As broad sense heritability (H²) approaches 0.0, which of the following must be true?

A cultivator is breeding a crop for increased fruit production. The mean fruit weight in the population in 500g and the plants selected for breeding have an average fruit weight of 450g. The response to selection (R) is - 25g. What is the narrow sense heritability (h²)?

A strain of a cereal grain can be either dark tan, medium- dark tan, medium tan, light tan, or cream colored. When plants pure- breeding for dark tan grains and cream grains are crossed, all F₁ have medium tan grains. If the F₁are crossed, what proportion of the F₂ will be light tan?

The brain mass in a population of mice has a phenotypic variance of 0.56 g² and an environmental variance of 0.14 g². What is the broad sense heritability (H²)?