Exam 1: The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the DNA fragments shown in the gel?

What is the process of synthesizing single- stranded RNA from template DNA?

Before transferring DNA from a gel to the membrane in Southern blotting, the DNA must be denatured (usually by soaking the gel in NaOH). Why is this step necessary?

The physical units of heredity composed of defined DNA sequences that collectively control gene transcription and contain the information to produce RNA molecules or proteins are better known as what?

A complete set of chromosomes is transmitted to produce identical daughter cells in which cell division process?

The movement of DNA or RNA in gel electrophoresis is often a matter of molecular weight alone. Which of the following molecular parameters usually influence the movement of protein?

Morphological or molecular characters shared by members of a clade are called .

You obtain the following sequence data from a group of related populations: Base \#: 123456789 Ancestral sequence: AAT TCA GGA Descendant population \#1: AAT TCA GGA Descendant population \#2: AAT Descendant population \#3: Descendant population \#4: AGG Construct a phylogenetic tree that fits the data and requires the least amount of genetic change, in other words, t most parsimonious outcome. Indicate which genetic changes occurred, if any, that were passed down to descendant populations.

As natural selection increases the frequency of one morphological form over another in the population, what changes at the genotypic level?

What kind of bond is formed between successive amino acids during translation?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is__________ .

Hereditary anemia known as sickle cell disease (SCD) results from inheritance of a variant form of fi- globin protein (fiS), rather than the wild- type fi- globin protein (fiA). The fiS protein does not migrate as far as the fiA protein. Which of following does NOT explain why the gel electrophoresis lane containing the hemoglobin protein from the heterozygous (fiAfiS) individual has two protein bands?

DNA replication is called _________because the newly replicated DNA consists of a parental strand (from the original DNA) and a newly synthesized daughter strand.

In eukaryotes, most of the cells' DNA is found in the form of chromosomes in the nucleus. Which organelles contain their own genomes (descended from ancient endosymbiotic bacteria)?

The________ , first proposed by Francis Crick, summarizes the relationships between DNA, RNA, and protein.

What process proposed by Wallace and Darwin describes the higher rates of survival and reproduction of certain forms of a species over alternative forms?

What kind of bond is formed between complementary base pairs to join the two DNA strands into a double helix?

You identify a new unicellular organism with multiple chromosomes organized by proteins within the cell's nucleus. Into which of the three domains of life might this organism fit?

Describe the evolutionary relationship of lancelets to tunicates and to hagfishes. Are lancelets more closely related to tunicates or to hagfishes, or are they equally related?

What are the three domains of life?