Exam 16: Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Previously unidentifiable microorganisms have now been identified through ________.

When Warnecke and colleagues were looking for genes that are involved in the digestion of lignocellulose by termites, they needed genes_______ .

What is the purpose of the two- hybrid system?

Explain the role that gene duplication may play in genome evolution.

A researcher is annotating a newly- sequenced chromosome that they constructed from contigs sequenced from a sample of Antarctic ice. The cell/organism that the chromosome came from is not known, however it yielded a single circular chromosome. You are asked to run a BLAST search to help this researcher identify the most related organism in GenBank. What would be the best strategy?

A genome sequence is considered to be complete when all its_______ sequences are included, as well as reasonable amounts of repetitive sequences.

Human genes often occupy a larger part of the chromosome compared to the homologous gene in yeast, yet the number of amino acids in more homologous human and yeast proteins are not very different. What structure explains this difference?

Mammalian genomes all have a number of genes for globin polypeptides. Several of these genes are functional, but several are never expressed. What are the nonfunctional ones known as?

Interspecific genome comparisons can help to identify all but of the following except?

Interspecific (between species) genome studies show us conserved sequences, but intraspecific (within species) comparisons identify what?

The movement of genes from one species into the genome of another is referred to as________.

Often, in the absence of experimental data, computerized algorithms are used to predict gene structures from large sequences. What is this approach known as?

Subtelomeres are blocks of homologous DNA sequences close to the ends of chromosomes. When sequences of chromosomes 4q and 10q subtelomeres were analyzed from a world- wide population, only seventeen 4q haplotypes and and eight 10q haplotypes were found among African, European, and Asian groups, making these the least diverse subtelomeres shared by these ethnic groups. Which conclusion do these data support?

Celiac disease (CD) is a common, usually inherited human disorder of intestinal inflammation that is triggered by eating gluten, a major protein in wheat and other cereal grains. It is the most frequent food intolerance. One of the three genes involved encodes SH2B3, a protein involved in innate, nonspecific immune response to bacterial pathogens. Celiac sufferers frequently have a particular allele of this gene, an allele so common in the human population that which of the following might be hypothesized?

A researcher measures the quantity of cDNA that corresponds to the exons of a particular gene in mice using RNA- seq. They find that RNA for this gene isolated from the brain contains 4 exons, while RNA from the liver heart and skin contains 5 exons. What phenomenon likely explains this result?

What evidence has been found from genomics that support the conclusion that whole genome duplication has happened in the past?

In a simple bioinformatics exercise, students are asked to locate the beginning of an ORF among the six possible reading frames for a hypothetical DNA molecule. The first step in their process should involve looking for what sequence?

Conserved noncoding sequences (CNGs) are usually sequences involved in what kinds of functions?

Researchers look for segments of chromosomes, larger than genes, that are similar in arrangement between distant species. Such segments may reveal relatedness and chromosome rearrangements that have happened in the evolutionary past. What are such segments identified by?

Species whose ancestors might once have been free living may now be present as parasites. Would their genomes now tend to be larger, smaller, or approximately the same in size and complexity?