Question 1

Which type of double- stranded break repair would you expect to be used by a cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

non- homologous end joining (NHEJ)

Question 2

A manufacturer of nutritional supplements proposes to sell extracts from an Antarctic algae as an ingestible remedy for sleep disorders. Your task is to determine if this extract may be mutagenic, how do you test this?

Accepted Answer

The Ames test

Question 3

Studies of gene mutation frequencies have shown that_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation frequencies are consistent between organisms, and each region of DNA is equally susceptible to random mutations 
B)  mutations are rare, and genomes are generally stable 
C)  mutation are common and adaptive 
D)  mutations affect RNA, but do not change DNA sequence 
E)  mutations occur only at certain nucleotides and not others 
A)  mutation frequencies are consistent between organisms, and each region of DNA is equally susceptible to random mutations 
B)  mutations are rare, and genomes are generally stable 
C)  mutation are common and adaptive 
D)  mutations affect RNA, but do not change DNA sequence 
E)  mutations occur only at certain nucleotides and not others B

Question 4

In eukaryotes, homologous recombination is initiated by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spo11 generating double- stranded DNA breaks 
B)  Rad51 generating double- stranded DNA breaks 
C)  p53 generating single- stranded DNA breaks 
D)  RecA, RecB, and RecC generating single- stranded DNA breaks 
E)  ATM signaling double- stranded DNA breaks 
A)  Spo11 generating double- stranded DNA breaks 
B)  Rad51 generating double- stranded DNA breaks 
C)  p53 generating single- stranded DNA breaks 
D)  RecA, RecB, and RecC generating single- stranded DNA breaks 
E)  ATM signaling double- stranded DNA breaks

Question 5

The 'activator' transposable element Ac encodes the enzyme_______ which can cause the mobilization of the 'dissociation' element Ds?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 'activator' transposable element Ac encodes the...

Question 6

Given the sequence of triplet codons: 5'- TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG- 3', which of these sequences represents a nonsense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'- TAC AAA ATA CAG AGG- 3' 
B)  5'- TAC AAA ATA CAC CGG- 3' 
C)  5'- TAG AAA ATA CAG CGG- 3' 
D)  5'- TAC AAA TAC AGC GGG- 3' 
E)  5'- TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG- 3' 
A)  5'- TAC AAA ATA CAG AGG- 3' 
B)  5'- TAC AAA ATA CAC CGG- 3' 
C)  5'- TAG AAA ATA CAG CGG- 3' 
D)  5'- TAC AAA TAC AGC GGG- 3' 
E)  5'- TAC AAG ATA CAG CGG- 3'

Question 7

The Ames test is designed to identify the rate of________ that restore the ability of bacteria to synthesize their own histidine, thus eliminating the need for histidine supplementation of the growth medium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Ames test is designed to identify...

Question 8

The fluctuation test allowed Luria and Delbruck to conclude that__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations are common and thus allow natural selection 
B)  mutations occur in the absence of environmental challenges 
C)  mutations occur at random in response to environmental challenges 
D)  chemical mutagens are present even in drinking water 
E)  none of the above 
A)  mutations are common and thus allow natural selection 
B)  mutations occur in the absence of environmental challenges 
C)  mutations occur at random in response to environmental challenges 
D)  chemical mutagens are present even in drinking water 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Localized mutations that occur at a specific location, rather than over a larger span on a gene are better known as what?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Localized mutations that occur at a specific...

Question 10

How can the Ames test distinguish mutagens that cause small insertions/deletions from those that cause base substitutions?

Accepted Answer

The Ames test utilizes two different his

Question 11

Transposons can integrate into the promoters of genes, what is the most likely outcome of such an event?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid substitution 
B)  altered gene expression 
C)  deamination 
D)  frame shift 
E)  point mutation 
A)  amino acid substitution 
B)  altered gene expression 
C)  deamination 
D)  frame shift 
E)  point mutation

Question 12

Which of these statements best describes gene expression in a damaged cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a damaged cell, p53 is low and BAX transcription is inactive, so Bcl- 2 represses apoptosis. 
B)  In a damaged cell, p53 is high and BAX transcription is active, so Bcl- 2 is repressed and apoptosis is induced. 
C)  In a damaged cell, p53 is high and BAX transcription is inactive, so Bcl- 2 is activated and apoptosis is induced. 
D)  In a damaged cell, p53 is low and BAX transcription is active, so Bcl- 2 is repressed and apoptosis is induced. 
E)  In a damaged cell, p53 is low and BAX transcription is active, so Bcl- 2 represses apoptosis. 
A)  In a damaged cell, p53 is low and BAX transcription is inactive, so Bcl- 2 represses apoptosis. 
B)  In a damaged cell, p53 is high and BAX transcription is active, so Bcl- 2 is repressed and apoptosis is induced. 
C)  In a damaged cell, p53 is high and BAX transcription is inactive, so Bcl- 2 is activated and apoptosis is induced. 
D)  In a damaged cell, p53 is low and BAX transcription is active, so Bcl- 2 is repressed and apoptosis is induced. 
E)  In a damaged cell, p53 is low and BAX transcription is active, so Bcl- 2 represses apoptosis.

Question 13

What type of mutagen would you use if you wanted to study the effect of pyrimidine dimers in causing cancer?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of mutagen would you use...

Question 14

Huntington's disease is caused by what kind of mutation?

Accepted Answer

trinucleot

Question 15

What is the purpose of using liver enzyme (S9 extract) in the Ames test?

Accepted Answer

S9 extract allows yo

Question 16

You have conducted an Ames test on a given compound. Which of the following would be classified as a positive result on the Ames test?

Accepted Answer

A)  his+ strain grows on an his+ plate. 
B)  his- strain grows on an his+ plate. 
C)  his- strain grows on an his- plate. 
D)  his+ strain grows on an his- plate. 
E)  his+ strain grows on either an his- or an his+ plate. 
A)  his+ strain grows on an his+ plate. 
B)  his- strain grows on an his+ plate. 
C)  his- strain grows on an his- plate. 
D)  his+ strain grows on an his- plate. 
E)  his+ strain grows on either an his- or an his+ plate.

Question 17

What process, which is responsible for many trinucleotide repeat disorders, alters the number of DNA repeats?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What process, which is responsible for many...

Question 18

The alkylating agent nitrosoguanidine adds methyl groups to nucleotide bases and is repaired by which enzyme that removes the added methyl group and restores nucleotides to their normal form?

Accepted Answer

O6- methyl

Question 19

What phenotype would you expect to see in a strain of E. coli with a mutation in the phr gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in the methylation of nucleotide bases 
B)  decrease in UV- induced mutations 
C)  decrease in reversion of base- pair substitution mutations 
D)  increase in UV- induced mutations 
E)  decrease in the methylation of nucleotide bases 
A)  increase in the methylation of nucleotide bases 
B)  decrease in UV- induced mutations 
C)  decrease in reversion of base- pair substitution mutations 
D)  increase in UV- induced mutations 
E)  decrease in the methylation of nucleotide bases

Question 20

DNA damage signaling processes are essential for regulating the__________ transition within the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA damage signaling processes are essential for...

Exam 11: Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Which type of double- stranded break repair would you expect to be used by a cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

A manufacturer of nutritional supplements proposes to sell extracts from an Antarctic algae as an ingestible remedy for sleep disorders. Your task is to determine if this extract may be mutagenic, how do you test this?

Studies of gene mutation frequencies have shown that_________ .

In eukaryotes, homologous recombination is initiated by ________.

The 'activator' transposable element Ac encodes the enzyme_______ which can cause the mobilization of the 'dissociation' element Ds?

Given the sequence of triplet codons: 5'- TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG- 3', which of these sequences represents a nonsense mutation?

The Ames test is designed to identify the rate of________ that restore the ability of bacteria to synthesize their own histidine, thus eliminating the need for histidine supplementation of the growth medium.

The fluctuation test allowed Luria and Delbruck to conclude that__________ .

Localized mutations that occur at a specific location, rather than over a larger span on a gene are better known as what?

How can the Ames test distinguish mutagens that cause small insertions/deletions from those that cause base substitutions?

Transposons can integrate into the promoters of genes, what is the most likely outcome of such an event?

Which of these statements best describes gene expression in a damaged cell?

What type of mutagen would you use if you wanted to study the effect of pyrimidine dimers in causing cancer?

Huntington's disease is caused by what kind of mutation?

What is the purpose of using liver enzyme (S9 extract) in the Ames test?

You have conducted an Ames test on a given compound. Which of the following would be classified as a positive result on the Ames test?

What process, which is responsible for many trinucleotide repeat disorders, alters the number of DNA repeats?

The alkylating agent nitrosoguanidine adds methyl groups to nucleotide bases and is repaired by which enzyme that removes the added methyl group and restores nucleotides to their normal form?

What phenotype would you expect to see in a strain of E. coli with a mutation in the phr gene?

DNA damage signaling processes are essential for regulating the__________ transition within the cell cycle.

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

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