Question 1

Polymers are synthesized by reactions and broken down into their constituent monomers by reactions.

Accepted Answer

condensation; hydrolysis

Question 2

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the hierarchical nature of cellular structures, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A) macromolecules, organic molecules, supramolecular structures, organelles, cells 
B) organic molecules, supramolecular structures, macromolecules, organelles, cells 
C) organic molecules, macromolecules, supramolecular structures, organelles, cells 
D) organelles, organic molecules, supramolecular structures, macromolecules, cells 
E) organic molecules, macromolecules, organelles, supramolecular structures, cells 
A) macromolecules, organic molecules, supramolecular structures, organelles, cells 
B) organic molecules, supramolecular structures, macromolecules, organelles, cells 
C) organic molecules, macromolecules, supramolecular structures, organelles, cells 
D) organelles, organic molecules, supramolecular structures, macromolecules, cells 
E) organic molecules, macromolecules, organelles, supramolecular structures, cells C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a structural polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen 
B) chitin 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) cellulose 
E) All of the above are structural polysaccharides. 
A) glycogen 
B) chitin 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) cellulose 
E) All of the above are structural polysaccharides. A

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) nucleic acids 
C) lipids 
D) sugars 
E) disaccharides 
A) amino acids 
B) nucleic acids 
C) lipids 
D) sugars 
E) disaccharides

Question 5

While synthesizing a new blue pigment, a chemist notices that the new compound congregates between an aqueous (water)environment and a hydrophobic environment. When added to a mixture of oil and water, the pigment creates a blue ring around the droplets of oil. Which of the following statements best describes this new pigment?

Accepted Answer

A) The pigment is a polar molecule and is forming hydrogen bonds with both the water and oil molecules. 
B) The pigment is neither polar or nonpolar, but is apolar. 
C) The pigment is probably hydrophobic and is attempting to bond with the oil. 
D) The pigment is hydrophilic and will not form hydrophobic bonds with the oil. 
E) The pigment is amphipathic, having polar and nonpolar regions. 
A) The pigment is a polar molecule and is forming hydrogen bonds with both the water and oil molecules. 
B) The pigment is neither polar or nonpolar, but is apolar. 
C) The pigment is probably hydrophobic and is attempting to bond with the oil. 
D) The pigment is hydrophilic and will not form hydrophobic bonds with the oil. 
E) The pigment is amphipathic, having polar and nonpolar regions.

Question 6

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

Accepted Answer

A) permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others. 
B) permeable to all molecules. 
C) permeable to only larger molecules. 
D) permeable to all small molecules and ions, but impermeable to larger ones. 
E) impermeable to all polar molecules. 
A) permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others. 
B) permeable to all molecules. 
C) permeable to only larger molecules. 
D) permeable to all small molecules and ions, but impermeable to larger ones. 
E) impermeable to all polar molecules.

Question 7

The polymerization of different types of macromolecules is similar in many respects. Which of the following principles below is LEAST likely to be common to all methods of polymerization of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A) As monomers are added to the polymer, water is removed from the macromolecule. 
B) To be added to the polymer, the monomer must be activated. 
C) Macromolecules are synthesized by the addition of monomers. 
D) Polymerization is passive, requiring little ATP. 
E) The polymer is directional. 
A) As monomers are added to the polymer, water is removed from the macromolecule. 
B) To be added to the polymer, the monomer must be activated. 
C) Macromolecules are synthesized by the addition of monomers. 
D) Polymerization is passive, requiring little ATP. 
E) The polymer is directional.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of the polymerization of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A) Water is added to join the monomers of the macromolecules. 
B) The polymer chain usually has two different ends. 
C) Macromolecules are synthesized by the stepwise addition of monomers. 
D) Often the energy needed for polymerization is supplied by ATP. 
E) A monomer is usually activated by the coupling of the monomer to a carrier. 
A) Water is added to join the monomers of the macromolecules. 
B) The polymer chain usually has two different ends. 
C) Macromolecules are synthesized by the stepwise addition of monomers. 
D) Often the energy needed for polymerization is supplied by ATP. 
E) A monomer is usually activated by the coupling of the monomer to a carrier.

Question 9

Self- assembly is limited by

Accepted Answer

A) the time associated with forming solely noncovalent interactions. 
B) the presence of water in the cytosol. 
C) information of pre- existing structures. 
D) the size of the molecule. 
E) all of the above. 
A) the time associated with forming solely noncovalent interactions. 
B) the presence of water in the cytosol. 
C) information of pre- existing structures. 
D) the size of the molecule. 
E) all of the above.

Question 10

Carbon can form covalent bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) single and double 
B) triple 
C) single 
D) single, double, and triple 
E) double 
A) single and double 
B) triple 
C) single 
D) single, double, and triple 
E) double

Question 11

Biologically, which of the following is the least important characteristic of water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water is a good solvent. 
B) Water molecules are polar. 
C) Water typically contains isotopes of hydrogen. 
D) Water has a temperature stabilizing capacity. 
E) Water molecules have numerous hydrogen bonds. 
A) Water is a good solvent. 
B) Water molecules are polar. 
C) Water typically contains isotopes of hydrogen. 
D) Water has a temperature stabilizing capacity. 
E) Water molecules have numerous hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

Which of the following is a unit of energy?

Accepted Answer

A) calorie 
B) joule 
C) mole 
D) watt 
E) both A and B 
A) calorie 
B) joule 
C) mole 
D) watt 
E) both A and B

Question 13

What branch of chemistry deals specifically with living systems?

Accepted Answer

A) inorganic chemistry 
B) organic chemistry 
C) biochemistry 
D) biological chemistry 
E) both C and D 
A) inorganic chemistry 
B) organic chemistry 
C) biochemistry 
D) biological chemistry 
E) both C and D

Question 14

Why do polar substances such as NaCl dissolve so readily in water?

Accepted Answer

A) NaCl is a very dry powder, and the water is able to soak into the salt. 
B) The sodium ions repel the negative end of the water molecule. 
C) Spheres of hydration form between the water and the ions. 
D) The charged ends of the water molecules are able to surround the oppositely charged salt ion. 
E) both C and D 
A) NaCl is a very dry powder, and the water is able to soak into the salt. 
B) The sodium ions repel the negative end of the water molecule. 
C) Spheres of hydration form between the water and the ions. 
D) The charged ends of the water molecules are able to surround the oppositely charged salt ion. 
E) both C and D

Question 15

Which of the following is true of an asymmetric carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

A) Asymmetric carbon atoms create stereoisomers. 
B) A carbon with hydrogens attached at two locations is usually asymmetric. 
C) Molecules may have only one asymmetric carbon atom. 
D) Methane has an asymmetric carbon. 
E) Only amino acids have asymmetric carbon atoms. 
A) Asymmetric carbon atoms create stereoisomers. 
B) A carbon with hydrogens attached at two locations is usually asymmetric. 
C) Molecules may have only one asymmetric carbon atom. 
D) Methane has an asymmetric carbon. 
E) Only amino acids have asymmetric carbon atoms.

Question 16

Because membranes usually are not permeable to polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins, how are cells able to incorporate these molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) These macromolecules are only incorporated into structures outside the membrane. 
B) Macromolecules are broken down extracellularly, and their subunits diffuse through the membrane. 
C) Macromolecules are digested extracellularly, and their subunits move through transport proteins. 
D) Macromolecules are transported via endocytosis and digested within the cell. 
E) both C and D 
A) These macromolecules are only incorporated into structures outside the membrane. 
B) Macromolecules are broken down extracellularly, and their subunits diffuse through the membrane. 
C) Macromolecules are digested extracellularly, and their subunits move through transport proteins. 
D) Macromolecules are transported via endocytosis and digested within the cell. 
E) both C and D

Question 17

Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things?

Accepted Answer

A) The membrane may absorb several times its weight in cholesterol. 
B) It provides a good barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. 
C) Proteins will avoid a selectively permeable membrane. 
D) It allows cells to attach to adjacent tissues. 
E) all of the above 
A) The membrane may absorb several times its weight in cholesterol. 
B) It provides a good barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. 
C) Proteins will avoid a selectively permeable membrane. 
D) It allows cells to attach to adjacent tissues. 
E) all of the above

Question 18

Flat rocks may be made to skip across the water. Which of the following properties of water can explain these observations?

Accepted Answer

A) Water molecules create spheres of hydration around solute molecules. 
B) Water is an excellent solvent. 
C) Water molecules are cohesive. 
D) Water molecules are often associated via hydrogen bonds. 
E) both C and D 
A) Water molecules create spheres of hydration around solute molecules. 
B) Water is an excellent solvent. 
C) Water molecules are cohesive. 
D) Water molecules are often associated via hydrogen bonds. 
E) both C and D

Question 19

The hierarchical nature of cellular structure is accurately illustrated in which of the following lists of substances (small to large)?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotides, nucleus, DNA, chromosome, cell 
B) cellulose, glucose, cell wall, cell 
C) protein, membrane, amino acids, chloroplast, cell 
D) nucleotides, chromosome, DNA, nucleus, cell 
E) nucleotides, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell 
A) nucleotides, nucleus, DNA, chromosome, cell 
B) cellulose, glucose, cell wall, cell 
C) protein, membrane, amino acids, chloroplast, cell 
D) nucleotides, chromosome, DNA, nucleus, cell 
E) nucleotides, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell

Question 20

Which of the following is FALSE regarding water's specific heat?

Accepted Answer

A) The specific heat of water is similar to most liquids. 
B) Water's high specific heat has a temperature- buffering effect. 
C) The specific heat of water is 1.0 calorie per gram. 
D) Water gains and loses heat more slowly than most other solvents. 
E) Heat applied to water must initially break a number of hydrogen bonds. 
A) The specific heat of water is similar to most liquids. 
B) Water's high specific heat has a temperature- buffering effect. 
C) The specific heat of water is 1.0 calorie per gram. 
D) Water gains and loses heat more slowly than most other solvents. 
E) Heat applied to water must initially break a number of hydrogen bonds.

Exam 2: The Chemistry of the Cell

Polymers are synthesized by reactions and broken down into their constituent monomers by reactions.

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the hierarchical nature of cellular structures, from smallest to largest?

Which of the following is NOT a structural polysaccharide?

Which of the following is NOT soluble in water?

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

The polymerization of different types of macromolecules is similar in many respects. Which of the following principles below is LEAST likely to be common to all methods of polymerization of macromolecules?

Which of the following is NOT true of the polymerization of macromolecules?

Self- assembly is limited by

Carbon can form covalent bonds.

Biologically, which of the following is the least important characteristic of water?

Which of the following is a unit of energy?

What branch of chemistry deals specifically with living systems?

Why do polar substances such as NaCl dissolve so readily in water?

Which of the following is true of an asymmetric carbon atom?

Because membranes usually are not permeable to polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins, how are cells able to incorporate these molecules?

Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things?

Flat rocks may be made to skip across the water. Which of the following properties of water can explain these observations?

The hierarchical nature of cellular structure is accurately illustrated in which of the following lists of substances (small to large)?

Which of the following is FALSE regarding water's specific heat?

A Preview of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: I Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ii Messengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, Chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, Dna Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: I the Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: II Protein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

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