Question 1

One reason that prokaryotic genes do not contain introns is that

Accepted Answer

A) integrated viral DNA is not recognized for transcription. 
B) the introns are cut out during binary fission. 
C) due to the short time the bacterium is around as a single organism, a 5' cap and poly A tail are added immediately for translation to take place. 
D) as prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, translation sometimes begins before transcription has been completed. 
E) bacterial proteins are very short and not subject to mutation. 
A) integrated viral DNA is not recognized for transcription. 
B) the introns are cut out during binary fission. 
C) due to the short time the bacterium is around as a single organism, a 5' cap and poly A tail are added immediately for translation to take place. 
D) as prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, translation sometimes begins before transcription has been completed. 
E) bacterial proteins are very short and not subject to mutation. D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A) universal, with rare exception 
B) degenerate 
C) triplet code 
D) each codon represents a different amino acid 
E) nonoverlapping 
A) universal, with rare exception 
B) degenerate 
C) triplet code 
D) each codon represents a different amino acid 
E) nonoverlapping D

Question 3

The "central dogma" of retroviruses is most accurately described as

Accepted Answer

A) DNA -protein. 
B) DNA -RNA -protein. 
C) protein -RNA -DNA -protein. 
D) RNA -DNA -RNA -protein. 
E) RNA -protein. 
A) DNA -protein. 
B) DNA -RNA -protein. 
C) protein -RNA -DNA -protein. 
D) RNA -DNA -RNA -protein. 
E) RNA -protein. D

Question 4

In the process of isolating DNA for transcription and translation, you digest the DNA with BamHI and ligate the gene into a plasmid vector. However, even though all of the controls work, no transcription is obtained using your fragment. Working backward, you note that restriction digestion has removed approximately 250 base pairs from the 5' end of the gene. It is possible that during restriction digestion

Accepted Answer

A) the promoter was removed. 
B) the RNA polymerase became inactivated. 
C) the termination signal was removed. 
D) primase could not bind. 
E) none of the above 
A) the promoter was removed. 
B) the RNA polymerase became inactivated. 
C) the termination signal was removed. 
D) primase could not bind. 
E) none of the above

Question 5

Of the following, which is associated with the production of multiple mRNAs from a single gene?

Accepted Answer

A) alternative splicing 
B) gene rearrangement 
C) polycistronic organization 
D) splicesome mutations 
E) both B and C 
A) alternative splicing 
B) gene rearrangement 
C) polycistronic organization 
D) splicesome mutations 
E) both B and C

Question 6

Answer the questions below based on this diagram: 5'- AUGAUGAUGAUG- 3'
This RNA transcript was generated using a synthetic DNA template. The letters B, D, E, F, G, and H have been selected to represent different amino acids. Assume that each different group of codons is a different amino acid.
-If the genetic code required only two nucleotides for incorporation of amino acids, the amino acid sequence using this transcript would be

Accepted Answer

A) B- B- B- D- D- D. 
B) B- D- E- B- D- E. 
C) B- B- B- B- B- B. 
D) B- D- E- F- G- H. 
E) B- D- B- D- B- D. 
A) B- B- B- D- D- D. 
B) B- D- E- B- D- E. 
C) B- B- B- B- B- B. 
D) B- D- E- F- G- H. 
E) B- D- B- D- B- D.

Question 7

A change in a single nucleotide that results in no change in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide produced is known as a

Accepted Answer

A) nonsense mutation. 
B) frameshift mutation. 
C) missense mutation. 
D) silent mutation. 
E) none of the above 
A) nonsense mutation. 
B) frameshift mutation. 
C) missense mutation. 
D) silent mutation. 
E) none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT associated with mRNA processing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) addition of a 5' methyl guanosine cap 
B) removal of exons 
C) 3' polyadenylation 
D) removal of introns 
A) addition of a 5' methyl guanosine cap 
B) removal of exons 
C) 3' polyadenylation 
D) removal of introns

Question 9

In some organisms, a normal stop codon, UGA, encodes for the amino acid .

Accepted Answer

A) isoleucine 
B) leucine 
C) selenocysteine 
D) pyrrolysine 
E) arginine 
A) isoleucine 
B) leucine 
C) selenocysteine 
D) pyrrolysine 
E) arginine

Question 10

A new antibiotic is able to bind the rho (q)factor associated with some transcription processes; as a result this antibiotic would affect

Accepted Answer

A) termination of all transcription. 
B) initiation of transcription. 
C) binding of the RNA polymerase. 
D) termination of some transcription. 
E) elongation of transcription. 
A) termination of all transcription. 
B) initiation of transcription. 
C) binding of the RNA polymerase. 
D) termination of some transcription. 
E) elongation of transcription.

Question 11

In the absence of retroviruses, eukaryotes may also undergo reverse transcription if which of the following is present?

Accepted Answer

A) prions 
B) Alu 
C) retrograde viruses 
D) retrotransposons 
E) none of the above 
A) prions 
B) Alu 
C) retrograde viruses 
D) retrotransposons 
E) none of the above

Question 12

The coding regions of a gene are known as .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The coding regions of a gene are...

Question 13

In eukaryotic cells, we sometimes find reverse transcriptase activity, even though the cells are not infected with virus. This activity can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A) infection with small bacteria known as mycoplasmas. 
B) a novel prion infection. 
C) the presence of viroids. 
D) the presence of transposons integrating into polymerase genes. 
E) the presence of retrotransposons. 
A) infection with small bacteria known as mycoplasmas. 
B) a novel prion infection. 
C) the presence of viroids. 
D) the presence of transposons integrating into polymerase genes. 
E) the presence of retrotransposons.

Question 14

An example of a retrovirus in the human genome is the family of sequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of a retrovirus in the...

Question 15

Answer the questions below based on this diagram: 5'- AUGAUGAUGAUG- 3'
This RNA transcript was generated using a synthetic DNA template. The letters B, D, E, F, G, and H have been selected to represent different amino acids. Assume that each different group of codons is a different amino acid.
-If you know the order of the nucleotides in a certain gene, what is the best way to determine which reading frame method is actually being used in a particular organism?

Accepted Answer

A) protein sequencing 
B) DNA sequencing 
C) RNA sequencing 
D) ribosome analysis 
E) gel electrophoresis 
A) protein sequencing 
B) DNA sequencing 
C) RNA sequencing 
D) ribosome analysis 
E) gel electrophoresis

Question 16

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is an example of a retrovirus. In order to prevent incorporation of the viral DNA into the host genome, antiretroviral drugs could

Accepted Answer

A) activate high levels of DNase in the cells to break down the viral DNA while it is still in the cytosol. 
B) target the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. 
C) target the viral enzyme integrase. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) activate high levels of DNase in the cells to break down the viral DNA while it is still in the cytosol. 
B) target the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. 
C) target the viral enzyme integrase. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 17

The action of a new drug is unknown, so you test various aspects of eukaryotic cell processes looking for an effect. You notice that the survival of cells exposed to this drug is very low. Further analysis shows that some proteins and mRNAs are much longer than they should be. One hypothesis is that the drug interferes with

Accepted Answer

A) transcription termination signals. 
B) spliceosome activity. 
C) ribosomes. 
D) nucleoli. 
E) both A and B 
A) transcription termination signals. 
B) spliceosome activity. 
C) ribosomes. 
D) nucleoli. 
E) both A and B

Question 18

In some organisms, a special tRNA recognizes the UAG stop codon, but incorporates the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A) selenocysteine. 
B) pyrrolysine. 
C) methionine. 
D) glycine. 
E) none of the above. 
A) selenocysteine. 
B) pyrrolysine. 
C) methionine. 
D) glycine. 
E) none of the above.

Question 19

In order to examine mRNA transcripts isolated from cells, one needs to convert a RNA template to DNA. Doing this conversion requires which of the following enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) DNA transcriptase 
E) reverse convertase 
A) RNA polymerase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) DNA transcriptase 
E) reverse convertase

Question 20

Answer the questions below based on this diagram: 5'- AUGAUGAUGAUG- 3'
This RNA transcript was generated using a synthetic DNA template. The letters B, D, E, F, G, and H have been selected to represent different amino acids. Assume that each different group of codons is a different amino acid.
-If the genetic code were read in groups of four nonoverlapping nucleotides, using this nucleotide sequence, then the resulting amino acid sequence would be

Accepted Answer

A) B- D- B. 
B) B- B- B. 
C) D- D- D. 
D) B- D- E. 
E) none of the above 
A) B- D- B. 
B) B- B- B. 
C) D- D- D. 
D) B- D- E. 
E) none of the above

One reason that prokaryotic genes do not contain introns is that

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?

The "central dogma" of retroviruses is most accurately described as

Of the following, which is associated with the production of multiple mRNAs from a single gene?

A change in a single nucleotide that results in no change in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide produced is known as a

Which of the following is NOT associated with mRNA processing in eukaryotes?

In some organisms, a normal stop codon, UGA, encodes for the amino acid .

A new antibiotic is able to bind the rho (q)factor associated with some transcription processes; as a result this antibiotic would affect

In the absence of retroviruses, eukaryotes may also undergo reverse transcription if which of the following is present?

The coding regions of a gene are known as .

In eukaryotic cells, we sometimes find reverse transcriptase activity, even though the cells are not infected with virus. This activity can be attributed to

An example of a retrovirus in the human genome is the family of sequences.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is an example of a retrovirus. In order to prevent incorporation of the viral DNA into the host genome, antiretroviral drugs could

In some organisms, a special tRNA recognizes the UAG stop codon, but incorporates the amino acid

In order to examine mRNA transcripts isolated from cells, one needs to convert a RNA template to DNA. Doing this conversion requires which of the following enzymes?

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: I Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ii Messengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, Chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, Dna Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: II Protein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

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Exam 21: Gene Expression: I the Genetic Code and Transcription

One reason that prokaryotic genes do not contain introns is that

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?

The "central dogma" of retroviruses is most accurately described as

Of the following, which is associated with the production of multiple mRNAs from a single gene?

A change in a single nucleotide that results in no change in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide produced is known as a

Which of the following is NOT associated with mRNA processing in eukaryotes?

In some organisms, a normal stop codon, UGA, encodes for the amino acid .

A new antibiotic is able to bind the rho (q)factor associated with some transcription processes; as a result this antibiotic would affect

In the absence of retroviruses, eukaryotes may also undergo reverse transcription if which of the following is present?

The coding regions of a gene are known as .

In eukaryotic cells, we sometimes find reverse transcriptase activity, even though the cells are not infected with virus. This activity can be attributed to

An example of a retrovirus in the human genome is the family of sequences.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is an example of a retrovirus. In order to prevent incorporation of the viral DNA into the host genome, antiretroviral drugs could

In some organisms, a special tRNA recognizes the UAG stop codon, but incorporates the amino acid

In order to examine mRNA transcripts isolated from cells, one needs to convert a RNA template to DNA. Doing this conversion requires which of the following enzymes?

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: I Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ii Messengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, Chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, Dna Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: II Protein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

Filters