Question 1

Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP

Accepted Answer

A) and organic compounds from sunlight. 
B) from sunlight but cannot make organic compounds from CO₂. 
C) from organic compounds. 
D) from organic compounds, but use sunlight to produce carbon sources. 
E) from some forms of chemicals. 
A) and organic compounds from sunlight. 
B) from sunlight but cannot make organic compounds from CO₂. 
C) from organic compounds. 
D) from organic compounds, but use sunlight to produce carbon sources. 
E) from some forms of chemicals. B

Question 2

Which of the following products CANNOT be used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) CO₂ 
B) NADPH 
C) ribulose- 1, 5- bisphosphate 
D) 3- phosphoglycerate 
E) phosphoglycolate 
A) CO₂ 
B) NADPH 
C) ribulose- 1, 5- bisphosphate 
D) 3- phosphoglycerate 
E) phosphoglycolate E

Question 3

In the Calvin Cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and the formation of 3- phosphoglycerate is

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoglycerokinase. 
B) ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). 
C) glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate dehydrogenase. 
D) phosphoribulokinase. 
E) triose phosphate isomerase. 
A) phosphoglycerokinase. 
B) ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). 
C) glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate dehydrogenase. 
D) phosphoribulokinase. 
E) triose phosphate isomerase. B

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between NADP+/NADPH and NAD+/NADH?

Accepted Answer

A) NADP+/NADPH has an extra phosphate compared to NAD+/NADH. 
B) Only NAD+/NADH is used to transport electrons and protons. 
C) Neither are helpful to oxygenic phototrophs. 
D) NADP+/NADPH is used primarily for catabolic reactions. 
E) Both are used extensively during photosynthesis in oxygenic phototrophs. 
A) NADP+/NADPH has an extra phosphate compared to NAD+/NADH. 
B) Only NAD+/NADH is used to transport electrons and protons. 
C) Neither are helpful to oxygenic phototrophs. 
D) NADP+/NADPH is used primarily for catabolic reactions. 
E) Both are used extensively during photosynthesis in oxygenic phototrophs.

Question 5

The relationship between photosystem I (PSI)and photosystem II (PSII)is correctly described by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) PSI is designated P700, whereas PSII is designated P680. 
B) PSI absorbs only short wavelengths of light. 
C) The absorption maximum of PSI is 680 nm. 
D) Electrons are excited by PSI or PSII, but not both. 
E) The absorption maximum of PSII is 700 nm. 
A) PSI is designated P700, whereas PSII is designated P680. 
B) PSI absorbs only short wavelengths of light. 
C) The absorption maximum of PSI is 680 nm. 
D) Electrons are excited by PSI or PSII, but not both. 
E) The absorption maximum of PSII is 700 nm.

Question 6

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochondrion 
B) lysosome, chloroplast, rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) Golgi complex, peroxisome, lysosome 
D) mitochondrion, nucleus, lysosome 
E) peroxisome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast 
A) peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochondrion 
B) lysosome, chloroplast, rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) Golgi complex, peroxisome, lysosome 
D) mitochondrion, nucleus, lysosome 
E) peroxisome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding CAM plants is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Stomata are open during the day. 
B) CO₂ is transported directly into mesophyll cells. 
C) Assimilate 25% less CO₂ than C₃ plants. 
D) Malate is stored in large vacuoles. 
E) Both B and C 
A) Stomata are open during the day. 
B) CO₂ is transported directly into mesophyll cells. 
C) Assimilate 25% less CO₂ than C₃ plants. 
D) Malate is stored in large vacuoles. 
E) Both B and C

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by chlorophyll?

Accepted Answer

A) a phycobilin 
B) lutein 
C) beta- carotene 
D) phycochlorophyll 
E) phycocyanin 
A) a phycobilin 
B) lutein 
C) beta- carotene 
D) phycochlorophyll 
E) phycocyanin

Question 9

Based upon the comparisons of anoxygenic and oxygenic photosythesis, the entry of oxygen into the atmosphere is most directly attributed to

Accepted Answer

A) photoreactivation. 
B) photosystem I. 
C) photosystem II. 
D) bacteriorhodopsin. 
E) the Calvin cycle. 
A) photoreactivation. 
B) photosystem I. 
C) photosystem II. 
D) bacteriorhodopsin. 
E) the Calvin cycle.

Question 10

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a carbon assimilation process. 
B) The Calvin cycle is a means of carbon fixation. 
C) In this process, carbon dioxide is reduced to organic sugars. 
D) It occurs in the chloroplast stroma. 
E) all of the above 
A) It is a carbon assimilation process. 
B) The Calvin cycle is a means of carbon fixation. 
C) In this process, carbon dioxide is reduced to organic sugars. 
D) It occurs in the chloroplast stroma. 
E) all of the above

Question 11

Plastocyanin (PC)

Accepted Answer

A) is a mobile electron carrier. 
B) is also called plastoquinol. 
C) carries only a single electron at a time. 
D) both A and C 
E) choices A, B, and C 
A) is a mobile electron carrier. 
B) is also called plastoquinol. 
C) carries only a single electron at a time. 
D) both A and C 
E) choices A, B, and C

Question 12

Which two triose phosphates are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for starch and sucrose synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate 
B) ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate and glycerol phosphate 
C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerate- 1,3- bisphosphate 
D) 3- phosphoglycerate and ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate 
E) 3- phosphoglycerate and glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate 
A) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate 
B) ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate and glycerol phosphate 
C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerate- 1,3- bisphosphate 
D) 3- phosphoglycerate and ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate 
E) 3- phosphoglycerate and glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate

Question 13

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria originated from

Accepted Answer

A) a routine step in evolution. 
B) purple bacteria entering and remaining in the cytoplasm of another cell. 
C) the slow evolution of various organelles over millions of years, particularly during the time of the dinosaurs. 
D) the fusion of several prokaryotes. 
E) a long, intense period of lightning. 
A) a routine step in evolution. 
B) purple bacteria entering and remaining in the cytoplasm of another cell. 
C) the slow evolution of various organelles over millions of years, particularly during the time of the dinosaurs. 
D) the fusion of several prokaryotes. 
E) a long, intense period of lightning.

Question 14

The Hatch- Slack cycle occurs in which of the following types of plants?

Accepted Answer

A) algae 
B) C₃ plants 
C) C4 plants 
D) tropical grasses 
E) both C and D 
A) algae 
B) C₃ plants 
C) C4 plants 
D) tropical grasses 
E) both C and D

Question 15

Bacteria do not have organelles. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) 70S ribosomes function as photosystems. 
B) They are parasites of plants that do have organelles. 
C) DNA in the nucleoid captures solar energy. 
D) They use their cell membrane to carry out photosynthesis. 
E) They interact in a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic plants. 
A) 70S ribosomes function as photosystems. 
B) They are parasites of plants that do have organelles. 
C) DNA in the nucleoid captures solar energy. 
D) They use their cell membrane to carry out photosynthesis. 
E) They interact in a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic plants.

Question 16

Carbon dioxide generally enters the plant through pores called

Accepted Answer

A) stomata. 
B) mesophyll. 
C) the cuticle. 
D) bacteriochlorophylls. 
E) connexons. 
A) stomata. 
B) mesophyll. 
C) the cuticle. 
D) bacteriochlorophylls. 
E) connexons.

Question 17

The Emerson enhancement effect

Accepted Answer

A) was proposed by Robert Emerson in the 1980s. 
B) states that there are three or four separate photoreactions. 
C) is a synergistic phenomenon. 
D) is the result of two distinct photosystems. 
E) both C and D 
A) was proposed by Robert Emerson in the 1980s. 
B) states that there are three or four separate photoreactions. 
C) is a synergistic phenomenon. 
D) is the result of two distinct photosystems. 
E) both C and D

Question 18

Which of the following compounds is NOT a source of electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) S₂O3²- 
B) H2O 
C) succinate 
D) SH- 
E) All of the above are used. 
A) S₂O3²- 
B) H2O 
C) succinate 
D) SH- 
E) All of the above are used.

Question 19

proteins stabilize the arrangement of the chlorophyll within a photosystem and modify the absorption spectra of specific chlorophyll molecules.

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyl

Question 20

A house plant seems to be growing slowly and lacks its normal bright green color. You call a botanist for advice. She suggests that the plant may be deficient in magnesium (Mg++). Why are these symptoms associated with Mg++ deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytochromes require Mg++ to function properly. 
B) Mg++ is important in the structure of many amino acids. 
C) Mg++ is required before NADPH can function. 
D) Mg++ is an important component in chlorophyll. 
E) Lack of Mg++ in the soil allows pathogenic bacteria to grow. 
A) Cytochromes require Mg++ to function properly. 
B) Mg++ is important in the structure of many amino acids. 
C) Mg++ is required before NADPH can function. 
D) Mg++ is an important component in chlorophyll. 
E) Lack of Mg++ in the soil allows pathogenic bacteria to grow.

Exam 11: Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP

Which of the following products CANNOT be used in the Calvin cycle?

In the Calvin Cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and the formation of 3- phosphoglycerate is

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between NADP+/NADPH and NAD+/NADH?

The relationship between photosystem I (PSI)and photosystem II (PSII)is correctly described by which of the following statements?

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway?

Which of the following statements regarding CAM plants is true?

Which of the following is NOT an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by chlorophyll?

Based upon the comparisons of anoxygenic and oxygenic photosythesis, the entry of oxygen into the atmosphere is most directly attributed to

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Calvin cycle?

Plastocyanin (PC)

Which two triose phosphates are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for starch and sucrose synthesis?

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria originated from

The Hatch- Slack cycle occurs in which of the following types of plants?

Bacteria do not have organelles. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide generally enters the plant through pores called

The Emerson enhancement effect

Which of the following compounds is NOT a source of electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis?

proteins stabilize the arrangement of the chlorophyll within a photosystem and modify the absorption spectra of specific chlorophyll molecules.

A house plant seems to be growing slowly and lacks its normal bright green color. You call a botanist for advice. She suggests that the plant may be deficient in magnesium (Mg++). Why are these symptoms associated with Mg++ deficiency?

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: I Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ii Messengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, Chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, Dna Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: I the Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: II Protein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

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