Exam 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Karen's parents always tell her that she has "worked hard" when she succeeds,but that she "lacks ability" when she fails.What achievement orientation is stimulated by this pattern of parental feedback?

Outline how children's descriptions of other people typically change from the preschool years through to the end of adolescence.

Suppose that you are conducting naturalistic research on the content of children's self-descriptions.You have gathered data from a group of children in kindergarten who were asked to describe themselves in a few short sentences at a school recital.Based upon current research,which of the following statements would be typical of your participants?

Identify and discuss three home influences that may have a strong impact on a child's achievement motivation,and also on his or her actual performance.

In order to foster mastery orientation in a child,what should an adult emphasize in his or her feedback?

What terms do preschool children use most often to describe themselves?

According to research findings,what data support the link between secure attachments in infancy and later achievement motivation?

Which of the following best captures the research findings of Gurucharri and Selman's five-year longitudinal study of the development of role-taking skills?

According to cross-cultural research,how do the achievement attitudes of Chinese children differ from those of children who are raised in North America?

According to research findings,what data provide support for the link between secure attachments in infancy and later achievement motivation?

Of the following,which would be the first characteristics to be incorporated into a toddler's self-concept?

Contrast the incremental view of ability with the entity view of ability,and give an example that illustrates the difference between the two.

Athina is a Grade 1 teacher who praises the children more for their effort than for the actual quality of the work that they complete.Athina's method of grading represents which view of ability?

Suppose that you are a Grade 3 teacher with a class of 8- and 9-year-olds.One of the goals set by your school district is to improve children's role-taking skills.Explain why such a goal might have been made a part of the "directive" to teachers.Then describe two ways you might go about fostering improvement in role taking.

Anita just looked in the mirror and saw a smudge of dirt on her cheek.If Anita is 8 months of age,what is her most likely reaction?

What characterizes the parental behaviour of those children who show a low need to achieve?

Based upon current research,which of the following best describes the characteristics of adolescent females who have the highest self-esteem?

Unlike many of her classmates,Zoe is excited to take her compulsory statistics course.She views it as an opportunity to display her competency in mathematics and logical reasoning.Given this scenario,which type of achievement orientation does Zoe have?

Suppose you want to teach a child with a "helpless" orientation to respond more constructively to his or her failures.If you base your technique on the findings of Dweck's research,which of the following should you employ?

You are having dinner with your friend.When you arrive his daughter Brianne runs up and tells you proudly that she is a "big girl." According to most developmentalists,what accounts for Brianne's self-categorical statement?