Exam 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition

According to Barenboim's research findings,what characterizes the descriptions of others that are used by the majority of 12- to 16-year-olds?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings of Doyle and Aboud regarding prejudicial attitudes in preschool children?

During adolescence there is often a period when individuals explore a number of roles and potential identities.This uncertainty and exploration is common during which stage of identity formation?

Which of the following characteristics is increasingly mentioned in children's descriptions of others as they mature?

At what point in the development of self-recognition does the present self emerge?

Holly is a college student from a ministerial family.Her parents and grandparents were ministers,and she accepts that her future career will be within the ministry.Based on this description,which phase of identity formation best characterizes Holly's attitude?

Describe the correlation between the nature of a child's primary attachment relationship and his or her overall level of self-esteem.

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding relational self-worth?

Which of the following statements best characterizes a child with an intrinsic orientation to achievement?

Wayne is 24 years old and he feels very confident about a number of aspects of his identity.He explored a variety of options and has come to firm decisions about his occupational goals,his religious beliefs,and his political ideals.Based on this description,what do you predict was the parental style used by Wayne's parents as he was growing up?

Fifteen-year-old Angelica has had a relatively smooth transition over the course of early adolescence.Her parents have very strict rules and in response to their constant urgings,she has decided on which university she will attend and her program of studies.Based on this description,which phase of identity formation best characterizes Angelica's behaviour?

According to most developmentalists,what aspect of an individual's achievement motivation is determined by the stability dimension?

Chris is nearing the end of his doctoral studies.His only decision now is whether to pursue observational field research or laboratory research,and he has applied to postdoctoral positions for both.Based on this information,which identity status would you assign to Chris if you endorsed Marcia's categorical system?

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issues of social cognition and the development of the self.

Gail understands that even when she and her friend have the same information,they may have different points of view; however,Gail is not able to simultaneously consider her and her friend's perspectives.What aspect of role-taking is exemplified by Gail's abilities?

Outline the changes in children's views of friendships from the preschool years through to early adolescence.How might these changes depend on the sex of the child?

Suppose that you are invited to a friend's home and while you are socializing his son Jacob explores the living room.You notice that Jacob has found a small wooden box that he tries to open repeatedly.Jacob's father reaches down and unlatches the catch on the box,but Jacob begins to cry until he opens it for him.Which form of achievement motivation is exemplified by Jacob's behaviour?

According to Selman,which aspect of cognitive development underlies a mature understanding of social behaviours and friendship?

Identify and describe the three phases that children progress through in learning to evaluate their own performance in achievement situations.

How do levels of self-esteem differ between children raised in collectivist societies in comparison to children who are raised in individualistic societies?