Question 1

Before the experiment begins,the researcher is ethically obligated to

Accepted Answer

A)  get permission from the Canadian Psychological Association. 
B)  debrief all participants. 
C)  randomly assign subjects to conditions. 
D)  provide a cover story. 
E)  secure informed consent. 
A)  get permission from the Canadian Psychological Association. 
B)  debrief all participants. 
C)  randomly assign subjects to conditions. 
D)  provide a cover story. 
E)  secure informed consent.

Question 2

Which of the following is the best example of the observational method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chris puts a glass to the wall so that he can hear his parents argue. 
B)  Xena sends out a questionnaire to gain information on people's eating habits. 
C)  Gary stops people on the street to ask them how they voted in the last elections. 
D)  Twyla secretly videotapes guests at her sister's wedding. 
E)  Elaine parks her car near a traffic light and records how many drivers run red lights. 
A)  Chris puts a glass to the wall so that he can hear his parents argue. 
B)  Xena sends out a questionnaire to gain information on people's eating habits. 
C)  Gary stops people on the street to ask them how they voted in the last elections. 
D)  Twyla secretly videotapes guests at her sister's wedding. 
E)  Elaine parks her car near a traffic light and records how many drivers run red lights.

Question 3

Professor Swenson is interested in university students' reactions to the death of a popular rock star.For two weeks,Professor Swenson spends one hour a day in a popular cafeteria,inconspicuously listening to students,joining in their conversations when the topic of the dead rock star comes up,and recording what the students have to say.Professor Swenson is conducting ________ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  interactive experimentation 
B)  ethnographic 
C)  historical 
D)  correlational 
E)  archival 
A)  interactive experimentation 
B)  ethnographic 
C)  historical 
D)  correlational 
E)  archival

Question 4

The _______ led Bibb Latané and John Darley to systematically test the situational factors that influence people's responses to emergencies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bay of Pigs fiasco 
B)  Iran-Contra affair 
C)  Vietnam War 
D)  Watergate scandal 
E)  murder of Kitty Genovese 
A)  Bay of Pigs fiasco 
B)  Iran-Contra affair 
C)  Vietnam War 
D)  Watergate scandal 
E)  murder of Kitty Genovese

Question 5

Cross-cultural research has revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  Western cultures emphasize individualism and independence. 
B)  Westerners are more likely to intervene in an emergency than are people in the East. 
C)  American researchers have historically imposed their own values on other cultures. 
D)  many Eastern cultures have no concept of "emergency." 
E)  there are few differences between Western and Eastern cultures. 
A)  Western cultures emphasize individualism and independence. 
B)  Westerners are more likely to intervene in an emergency than are people in the East. 
C)  American researchers have historically imposed their own values on other cultures. 
D)  many Eastern cultures have no concept of "emergency." 
E)  there are few differences between Western and Eastern cultures.

Question 6

A researcher wants to examine the relation between viewing television violence and behaving aggressively.He has participants decide whether they would prefer to view a violent or a nonviolent film,and subsequently records the number of aggressive behaviours they show in a competitive game.The researcher cannot legitimately make a causal statement based on his findings,because the study

Accepted Answer

A)  lacks external validity. 
B)  lacks psychological realism. 
C)  is low on mundane realism. 
D)  lacks random assignment. 
E)  has no cover story. 
A)  lacks external validity. 
B)  lacks psychological realism. 
C)  is low on mundane realism. 
D)  lacks random assignment. 
E)  has no cover story.

Question 7

A researcher interested in testing a(n)________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  causal 
C)  descriptive 
D)  theoretical 
E)  observational 
A)  correlational 
B)  causal 
C)  descriptive 
D)  theoretical 
E)  observational

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT essential to conducting an internally valid experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measurement of the dependent variable. 
B)  Random selection of the sample from the population. 
C)  Keeping everything in the experimental conditions the same except for the independent variable. 
D)  The use of operational definitions. 
E)  Random assignment to condition. 
A)  Measurement of the dependent variable. 
B)  Random selection of the sample from the population. 
C)  Keeping everything in the experimental conditions the same except for the independent variable. 
D)  The use of operational definitions. 
E)  Random assignment to condition.

Question 9

When Latané and Darley (1970)later tested the effects of the number of bystanders on whether people intervene in an emergency,they left the laboratory and staged a fake theft at a convenience store.This new study was

Accepted Answer

A)  covered in the New York Times. 
B)  just as high in internal validity as their original study. 
C)  low in external validity. 
D)  unsuccessful, demonstrating the low external validity of their lab experiments. 
E)  a field experiment that replicated laboratory results. 
A)  covered in the New York Times. 
B)  just as high in internal validity as their original study. 
C)  low in external validity. 
D)  unsuccessful, demonstrating the low external validity of their lab experiments. 
E)  a field experiment that replicated laboratory results.

Question 10

According to the authors,why are people often wrong in asserting that social psychology only reflects common sense?

Accepted Answer

A)  People's inferences about psychological phenomena are rarely based in fact. 
B)  Common sense is never correct. 
C)  People are largely ignorant about what exactly social psychologists study. 
D)  Most grandmothers' advice is based on common experience, not scientific evidence. 
E)  So-called common sense findings often make more sense in retrospect than in advance. 
A)  People's inferences about psychological phenomena are rarely based in fact. 
B)  Common sense is never correct. 
C)  People are largely ignorant about what exactly social psychologists study. 
D)  Most grandmothers' advice is based on common experience, not scientific evidence. 
E)  So-called common sense findings often make more sense in retrospect than in advance.

Question 11

Basic research is to ________ as applied research is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation; causation 
B)  experiments; surveys 
C)  satisfying intellectual curiosity; solving social problems 
D)  biological sciences; social sciences 
E)  experiments; observational research 
A)  correlation; causation 
B)  experiments; surveys 
C)  satisfying intellectual curiosity; solving social problems 
D)  biological sciences; social sciences 
E)  experiments; observational research

Question 12

A researcher has recorded that on the playground,boys are more likely to use physical aggression to get what they want,but girls are more likely to use verbal aggression to get what they want.This researcher most likely employed a(n)________ research method.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  observational 
C)  clinical 
D)  interview 
E)  archival 
A)  experimental 
B)  observational 
C)  clinical 
D)  interview 
E)  archival

Question 13

Recall that Latané and Darley observed the number of participants in each experimental condition who left their cubicles to help the alleged victim of a seizure.The ________ was the independent variable in their experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  number of participants who helped 
B)  reaction of the participants 
C)  personal problems discussed 
D)  number of other discussants 
E)  severity of the seizure 
A)  number of participants who helped 
B)  reaction of the participants 
C)  personal problems discussed 
D)  number of other discussants 
E)  severity of the seizure

Question 14

________ validity is the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other situations or other people.

Accepted Answer

A)  Causal 
B)  Statistical conclusion 
C)  Internal 
D)  External 
E)  Sampling 
A)  Causal 
B)  Statistical conclusion 
C)  Internal 
D)  External 
E)  Sampling

Question 15

Although field experiments may be high in ________,they often lack ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mundane realism; psychological realism 
B)  external validity; internal validity 
C)  psychological realism; mundane realism 
D)  internal validity; psychological realism 
E)  internal validity; external validity 
A)  mundane realism; psychological realism 
B)  external validity; internal validity 
C)  psychological realism; mundane realism 
D)  internal validity; psychological realism 
E)  internal validity; external validity

Question 16

In order to examine the prevalence of drug use in several different generations of North Americans,a researcher decides to collect the lyrics from the fifty most popular songs from each decade,from 1940 to 2000,and to code those lyrics for how often drug-related themes were present.Which of the following methods is this researcher using?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  archival 
C)  observational 
D)  cross-sectional 
E)  experimental 
A)  correlational 
B)  archival 
C)  observational 
D)  cross-sectional 
E)  experimental

Question 17

What makes the observations conducted by social scientists different from the kinds of observations that anyone might make in the course of a day? Social scientists

Accepted Answer

A)  will only sample people from their own culture. 
B)  make sure to observe a random sample of people. 
C)  observe and code behaviours according to prearranged criteria. 
D)  always rely on technology (e.g., hidden cameras or tape recorders) to record behaviours. 
E)  make it a point never to interact with the people they are observing. 
A)  will only sample people from their own culture. 
B)  make sure to observe a random sample of people. 
C)  observe and code behaviours according to prearranged criteria. 
D)  always rely on technology (e.g., hidden cameras or tape recorders) to record behaviours. 
E)  make it a point never to interact with the people they are observing.

Question 18

Research on the impact of media representations of male and female body ideals finds that

Accepted Answer

A)  the male muscular ideal shown in fitness magazines has little impact on males' assessment of their own bodies. 
B)  exposure to media representations of the thin female body type has most impact on females who show little interest in their own body image. 
C)  both genders can suffer emotionally or physically if they are exposed to, and accept, media body ideals. 
D)  the only males who respond to muscular ideals in fitness magazines are those who have low self-esteem. 
E)  exposure to body ideals in the media has greater impact on male ratings of their own body image than on female ratings of their own body image. 
A)  the male muscular ideal shown in fitness magazines has little impact on males' assessment of their own bodies. 
B)  exposure to media representations of the thin female body type has most impact on females who show little interest in their own body image. 
C)  both genders can suffer emotionally or physically if they are exposed to, and accept, media body ideals. 
D)  the only males who respond to muscular ideals in fitness magazines are those who have low self-esteem. 
E)  exposure to body ideals in the media has greater impact on male ratings of their own body image than on female ratings of their own body image.

Question 19

Why is it unwise to conclude that if two variables are correlated,one must have caused the other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rarely are only two variables correlated. 
B)  It is impossible to conclude that two variables are related unless one can measure them perfectly. 
C)  Variables can never be measured with complete accuracy. 
D)  Some unmeasured third variable might be responsible for the relationship between the two. 
E)  Any single variable is bound to have multiple causes. 
A)  Rarely are only two variables correlated. 
B)  It is impossible to conclude that two variables are related unless one can measure them perfectly. 
C)  Variables can never be measured with complete accuracy. 
D)  Some unmeasured third variable might be responsible for the relationship between the two. 
E)  Any single variable is bound to have multiple causes.

Question 20

In reading descriptions of the behaviours of the university students who participated in Latané and Darley's (1968)experiment on bystander intervention,you wonder whether your parents and their friends would behave the same way as those participants from the university.In essence,your question is,"Will these results generalize across ________?"

Accepted Answer

A)  situations 
B)  people 
C)  other experiments 
D)  manipulations 
E)  time 
A)  situations 
B)  people 
C)  other experiments 
D)  manipulations 
E)  time

Before the experiment begins,the researcher is ethically obligated to

Which of the following is the best example of the observational method?

The _______ led Bibb Latané and John Darley to systematically test the situational factors that influence people's responses to emergencies.

Cross-cultural research has revealed that

A researcher interested in testing a(n)________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

Which of the following is NOT essential to conducting an internally valid experiment?

When Latané and Darley (1970)later tested the effects of the number of bystanders on whether people intervene in an emergency,they left the laboratory and staged a fake theft at a convenience store.This new study was

According to the authors,why are people often wrong in asserting that social psychology only reflects common sense?

Basic research is to as applied research is to .

A researcher has recorded that on the playground,boys are more likely to use physical aggression to get what they want,but girls are more likely to use verbal aggression to get what they want.This researcher most likely employed a(n)________ research method.

Recall that Latané and Darley observed the number of participants in each experimental condition who left their cubicles to help the alleged victim of a seizure.The ________ was the independent variable in their experiment.

________ validity is the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other situations or other people.

Although field experiments may be high in ,they often lack .

What makes the observations conducted by social scientists different from the kinds of observations that anyone might make in the course of a day? Social scientists

Research on the impact of media representations of male and female body ideals finds that

Why is it unwise to conclude that if two variables are correlated,one must have caused the other?

Introduction to Social Psychology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 2: Methodology

Before the experiment begins,the researcher is ethically obligated to

Which of the following is the best example of the observational method?

The _______ led Bibb Latané and John Darley to systematically test the situational factors that influence people's responses to emergencies.

Cross-cultural research has revealed that

A researcher interested in testing a(n)________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

Which of the following is NOT essential to conducting an internally valid experiment?

When Latané and Darley (1970)later tested the effects of the number of bystanders on whether people intervene in an emergency,they left the laboratory and staged a fake theft at a convenience store.This new study was

According to the authors,why are people often wrong in asserting that social psychology only reflects common sense?

Basic research is to ________ as applied research is to ________.

A researcher has recorded that on the playground,boys are more likely to use physical aggression to get what they want,but girls are more likely to use verbal aggression to get what they want.This researcher most likely employed a(n)________ research method.

Recall that Latané and Darley observed the number of participants in each experimental condition who left their cubicles to help the alleged victim of a seizure.The ________ was the independent variable in their experiment.

________ validity is the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other situations or other people.

Although field experiments may be high in ________,they often lack ________.

What makes the observations conducted by social scientists different from the kinds of observations that anyone might make in the course of a day? Social scientists

Research on the impact of media representations of male and female body ideals finds that

Why is it unwise to conclude that if two variables are correlated,one must have caused the other?

Introduction to Social Psychology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Basic research is to as applied research is to .

Although field experiments may be high in ,they often lack .