Question 1

Which of the following motivations is NOT a characteristic of altruistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) generally performed in exchange for social approval 
B) inspired by empathy or sympathy 
C) motivated by the desire to behave consistently with one's conscience 
D) All are characteristics of altruistic behavior. 
A) generally performed in exchange for social approval 
B) inspired by empathy or sympathy 
C) motivated by the desire to behave consistently with one's conscience 
D) All are characteristics of altruistic behavior.

Question 2

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to ssess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 11-year-old Jabar to say that:

Accepted Answer

A) the child who broke 15 glasses is naughtier than the child who broke 1 glass. 
B) the child who broke 1 glass is naughtier than the child who broke 15 glasses. 
C) both children are very naughty. 
D)  neither child is naughty 
A) the child who broke 15 glasses is naughtier than the child who broke 1 glass. 
B) the child who broke 1 glass is naughtier than the child who broke 15 glasses. 
C) both children are very naughty. 
D)  neither child is naughty

Question 3

In which area has Kohlberg's work NOT come under criticism?

Accepted Answer

A) the discontinuous nature of moral reasoning 
B) the role of cultural values in moral development 
C) moral judgment changing systematically with age 
D) gender differences in moral judgment 
A) the discontinuous nature of moral reasoning 
B) the role of cultural values in moral development 
C) moral judgment changing systematically with age 
D) gender differences in moral judgment

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about changes in children's prosocial moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's prosocial moral reasoning becomes increasingly abstract. 
B) The stages outlined by Eisenberg are nearly unrelated to Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. 
C) Children are increasingly concerned with their own needs as they develop. 
D) The level of prosocial moral reasoning in which children are classified has little association with how prosocial their behavior is. 
A) Children's prosocial moral reasoning becomes increasingly abstract. 
B) The stages outlined by Eisenberg are nearly unrelated to Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. 
C) Children are increasingly concerned with their own needs as they develop. 
D) The level of prosocial moral reasoning in which children are classified has little association with how prosocial their behavior is.

Question 5

Differences in which of the following factors are considered to be the source of the different pattern of moral reasoning shown by individuals in non-Western societies?

Accepted Answer

A) biology 
B) socioeconomic status 
C) education 
D) values 
A) biology 
B) socioeconomic status 
C) education 
D) values

Question 6

Early differences in positive moral behaviors appear to______ later developmental differences in children's readiness to engage in prosocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) not reflect 
B) predict 
C) match exactly 
D) have nothing to do with 
A) not reflect 
B) predict 
C) match exactly 
D) have nothing to do with

Question 7

Which level of prosocial behavior is most typical of an elementary school child?

Accepted Answer

A) needs-based 
B) approval and/or stereotyped 
C) self-reflective empathic 
D) hedonistic 
A) needs-based 
B) approval and/or stereotyped 
C) self-reflective empathic 
D) hedonistic

Question 8

Consider the following moral dilemma: "Henry borrows a wood knife from his friend Gerry so that he can carve a miniature boat from a piece of wood. Henry promises that he will return the knife if Gerry wants it back. Several days later, Gerry asks Henry to return the knife because Gerry wants to use the knife to inflict damage on school property. Henry returns the knife to Gerry, since he did promise to return it if Gerry asked. Should Henry have returned the knife to Gerry? Was it right or wrong? Why?" Describe how a person at each of Kohlberg's three levels of moral reasoning (i.e., preconventional, conventional, and postconventional) would respond to the dilemma. Be sure to describe the reasoning characteristic of each of Kohlberg's three levels.

Accepted Answer

At the preconventional level of moral re

Question 9

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the influence of biology and parental socialization on children's antisocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) It is simple to statistically separate out the effects of biology and socialization on antisocial behavior. 
B) Nearly all effects of parental socialization could be due to biological similarities between parents and children. 
C) Nearly all effects of parental socialization could be due to children's biologically based characteristics, such as difficult temperaments, eliciting harsh discipline. 
D) Research demonstrating that parents who are trained to deal with their children effectively have children who show improvements in conduct problems is evidence that parental socialization has a clear causal influence on children's antisocial behavior. 
A) It is simple to statistically separate out the effects of biology and socialization on antisocial behavior. 
B) Nearly all effects of parental socialization could be due to biological similarities between parents and children. 
C) Nearly all effects of parental socialization could be due to children's biologically based characteristics, such as difficult temperaments, eliciting harsh discipline. 
D) Research demonstrating that parents who are trained to deal with their children effectively have children who show improvements in conduct problems is evidence that parental socialization has a clear causal influence on children's antisocial behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following decisions would be considered by most people in Western cultures to be a personal judgment?

Accepted Answer

A) choosing whether or not to wear a tie to a formal restaurant 
B) deciding whether to play soccer or baseball after school 
C) deciding whether to put one's napkin on one's lap or leave it on the table 
D) choosing whether or not to return a $10 bill dropped by a person standing ahead in line 
A) choosing whether or not to wear a tie to a formal restaurant 
B) deciding whether to play soccer or baseball after school 
C) deciding whether to put one's napkin on one's lap or leave it on the table 
D) choosing whether or not to return a $10 bill dropped by a person standing ahead in line

Question 11

Children in Piaget's stage of autonomous morality believe that rules are:

Accepted Answer

A) inflexible. 
B) the product of social interaction. 
C) "real" things that exist outside of people. 
D) always "right."
•inflexible and always "right." 
A) inflexible. 
B) the product of social interaction. 
C) "real" things that exist outside of people. 
D) always "right."
•inflexible and always "right."

Question 12

Children develop a conscience:

Accepted Answer

A) through identification with the same-gender parent, at about age 4 to 6. 
B) slowly over time, affected by parental disciplinary practices. 
C) in a discontinuous process. 
D) in a standard sequence, regardless of parental practices. 
A) through identification with the same-gender parent, at about age 4 to 6. 
B) slowly over time, affected by parental disciplinary practices. 
C) in a discontinuous process. 
D) in a standard sequence, regardless of parental practices.

Question 13

Piaget believed that advances in children's moral reasoning is based on:

Accepted Answer

A) interactions with peers. 
B) adult influence. 
C) societal norms. 
D) heredity. 
A) interactions with peers. 
B) adult influence. 
C) societal norms. 
D) heredity.

Question 14

According to Kohlberg, at which orientation level of moral development is a person who performs an action only in the expectation of receiving a benefit in return?

Accepted Answer

A) punishment and obedience 
B) social system and conscience 
C) mutual interpersonal expectations 
D) instrumental and exchange 
A) punishment and obedience 
B) social system and conscience 
C) mutual interpersonal expectations 
D) instrumental and exchange

Question 15

Which of the following statements constitutes postconventional moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) "I shouldn't do that because it is my responsibility to fulfill my duties." 
B) "I shouldn't do that because I will get caught and I don't want to be punished." 
C) "I shouldn't do that because it is not in the best interest of society." 
D) "I shouldn't do that because my parents won't think I am a good boy." 
A) "I shouldn't do that because it is my responsibility to fulfill my duties." 
B) "I shouldn't do that because I will get caught and I don't want to be punished." 
C) "I shouldn't do that because it is not in the best interest of society." 
D) "I shouldn't do that because my parents won't think I am a good boy."

Question 16

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment is LEAST likely to be exhibited?

Accepted Answer

A) Stage 1 
B) Stage 3 
C) Stage 5 
D) Stage 6 
A) Stage 1 
B) Stage 3 
C) Stage 5 
D) Stage 6

Question 17

Jamie does not write on her desk because the rules of the classroom forbid it, and she wants to set a good example for her classmates. According to Kohlberg, what stage of moral development is Jamie in?

Accepted Answer

A) universal ethical principles 
B) punishment and obedience orientation 
C) instrumental and exchange orientation 
D) social system and conscience orientation 
A) universal ethical principles 
B) punishment and obedience orientation 
C) instrumental and exchange orientation 
D) social system and conscience orientation

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about children's beliefs about the domains of social judgment?

Accepted Answer

A) Children generally believe that moral violations are still wrong even if an authority figure does not see them. 
B) Children generally believe that social conventional violations are more wrong than moral violations. 
C) Young children generally believe that parents have authority over social conventional and personal judgments. 
D) Children generally cannot distinguish among personal, moral, and social conventional judgments until late elementary school. 
A) Children generally believe that moral violations are still wrong even if an authority figure does not see them. 
B) Children generally believe that social conventional violations are more wrong than moral violations. 
C) Young children generally believe that parents have authority over social conventional and personal judgments. 
D) Children generally cannot distinguish among personal, moral, and social conventional judgments until late elementary school.

Question 19

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the moral reasoning of males and females?

Accepted Answer

A) Males tend to be more concerned with protecting their image in the social circle when they make moral judgments. 
B) Females tend to focus their moral judgments more on issues of caring for other people than do males. 
C) Males tend to be less able to reason at their full cognitive capacity when faced with moral dilemmas. 
D) Differences in males' and females' moral reasoning is more apparent when reasoning about hypothetical moral dilemmas than when reasoning about dilemmas in their own lives. 
A) Males tend to be more concerned with protecting their image in the social circle when they make moral judgments. 
B) Females tend to focus their moral judgments more on issues of caring for other people than do males. 
C) Males tend to be less able to reason at their full cognitive capacity when faced with moral dilemmas. 
D) Differences in males' and females' moral reasoning is more apparent when reasoning about hypothetical moral dilemmas than when reasoning about dilemmas in their own lives.

Question 20

Which of the following actions is NOT a manner in which parents influence the development of prosocial behavior in their children?

Accepted Answer

A) through modeling 
B) by communicating values 
C) by providing opportunities for prosocial activities 
D) through authoritarian parenting practices 
A) through modeling 
B) by communicating values 
C) by providing opportunities for prosocial activities 
D) through authoritarian parenting practices

Which of the following motivations is NOT a characteristic of altruistic behavior?

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to ssess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 11-year-old Jabar to say that:

In which area has Kohlberg's work NOT come under criticism?

Which of the following statements is true about changes in children's prosocial moral reasoning?

Differences in which of the following factors are considered to be the source of the different pattern of moral reasoning shown by individuals in non-Western societies?

Early differences in positive moral behaviors appear to______ later developmental differences in children's readiness to engage in prosocial behavior.

Which level of prosocial behavior is most typical of an elementary school child?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the influence of biology and parental socialization on children's antisocial behavior?

Which of the following decisions would be considered by most people in Western cultures to be a personal judgment?

Children in Piaget's stage of autonomous morality believe that rules are:

Children develop a conscience:

Piaget believed that advances in children's moral reasoning is based on:

According to Kohlberg, at which orientation level of moral development is a person who performs an action only in the expectation of receiving a benefit in return?

Which of the following statements constitutes postconventional moral reasoning?

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment is LEAST likely to be exhibited?

Jamie does not write on her desk because the rules of the classroom forbid it, and she wants to set a good example for her classmates. According to Kohlberg, what stage of moral development is Jamie in?

Which of the following statements is true about children's beliefs about the domains of social judgment?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the moral reasoning of males and females?

Which of the following actions is NOT a manner in which parents influence the development of prosocial behavior in their children?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

Which of the following motivations is NOT a characteristic of altruistic behavior?

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to ssess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 11-year-old Jabar to say that:

In which area has Kohlberg's work NOT come under criticism?

Which of the following statements is true about changes in children's prosocial moral reasoning?

Differences in which of the following factors are considered to be the source of the different pattern of moral reasoning shown by individuals in non-Western societies?

Early differences in positive moral behaviors appear to______ later developmental differences in children's readiness to engage in prosocial behavior.

Which level of prosocial behavior is most typical of an elementary school child?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the influence of biology and parental socialization on children's antisocial behavior?

Which of the following decisions would be considered by most people in Western cultures to be a personal judgment?

Children in Piaget's stage of autonomous morality believe that rules are:

Children develop a conscience:

Piaget believed that advances in children's moral reasoning is based on:

According to Kohlberg, at which orientation level of moral development is a person who performs an action only in the expectation of receiving a benefit in return?

Which of the following statements constitutes postconventional moral reasoning?

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment is LEAST likely to be exhibited?

Jamie does not write on her desk because the rules of the classroom forbid it, and she wants to set a good example for her classmates. According to Kohlberg, what stage of moral development is Jamie in?

Which of the following statements is true about children's beliefs about the domains of social judgment?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the moral reasoning of males and females?

Which of the following actions is NOT a manner in which parents influence the development of prosocial behavior in their children?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters