Question 1

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the biological influence on aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity plays a similarly strong role in aggression in childhood and adolescence. 
B) It is a myth that testosterone plays a role in aggression. 
C) Genetic, neurological, and hormonal characteristics are probably sufficient to produce an aggressive child, regardless of environmental factors. 
D) Heredity has a larger influence on some types of aggression than on other types. 
A) Heredity plays a similarly strong role in aggression in childhood and adolescence. 
B) It is a myth that testosterone plays a role in aggression. 
C) Genetic, neurological, and hormonal characteristics are probably sufficient to produce an aggressive child, regardless of environmental factors. 
D) Heredity has a larger influence on some types of aggression than on other types.

Question 2

Parental conflict is associated with children's antisocial and aggressive behavior because parents who have high marital conflict tend to:

Accepted Answer

A) be less skilled at parenting than are other parents. 
B) model aggressive behaviors. 
C) be more hostile toward their children than are other parents. 
D) be less skilled at parenting, model aggressive behaviors, and be more hostile to their children. 
A) be less skilled at parenting than are other parents. 
B) model aggressive behaviors. 
C) be more hostile toward their children than are other parents. 
D) be less skilled at parenting, model aggressive behaviors, and be more hostile to their children.

Question 3

Casey hears that her friend has forgotten her homework and is afraid that the teacher is going to yell at her. In response, Casey worries all day about her friend and how her friend is going to handle the situation. Casey is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A) altruism. 
B) conscience. 
C) empathy. 
D) sympathy. 
A) altruism. 
B) conscience. 
C) empathy. 
D) sympathy.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of the reciprocal role of children's behavior and parents' discipline in promoting antisocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Parents and children may share genetic tendencies toward impulsivity and distractibility, thus increasing the likelihood of a vicious cycle of physical punishment and aggression. 
B) Parents who are depressed may be less likely to monitor their children. 
C) Parents whose children throw temper tantrums may be more likely to try to avoid scolding them, reinforcing children's temper tantrums. 
D) Children who are antisocial may elicit harsher parenting and the harsh parenting may influence children to be more antisocial. 
A) Parents and children may share genetic tendencies toward impulsivity and distractibility, thus increasing the likelihood of a vicious cycle of physical punishment and aggression. 
B) Parents who are depressed may be less likely to monitor their children. 
C) Parents whose children throw temper tantrums may be more likely to try to avoid scolding them, reinforcing children's temper tantrums. 
D) Children who are antisocial may elicit harsher parenting and the harsh parenting may influence children to be more antisocial.

Question 5

Genetic factors might influence individual differences in children's prosocial behavior through differences in:

Accepted Answer

A) temperament. 
B) assertiveness. 
C) cognitive development. 
D) temperament, assertiveness, and cognitive development. 
A) temperament. 
B) assertiveness. 
C) cognitive development. 
D) temperament, assertiveness, and cognitive development.

Question 6

At which level of prosocial behavior is a person who justifies his or her actions based on stereotypical images of behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) Level 1 
B) Level 2 
C) Level 3 
D) Level 4 
A) Level 1 
B) Level 2 
C) Level 3 
D) Level 4

Question 7

Which emotion at age 22 months predicts morality at age 54 months?

Accepted Answer

A) fear 
B) guilt 
C) sadness 
D) joy 
A) fear 
B) guilt 
C) sadness 
D) joy

Question 8

Parents' use of abusive punishment is NOT associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety. 
B) anger. 
C) motivation to comply with parental demands. 
D) assuming that others have hostile intentions. 
A) anxiety. 
B) anger. 
C) motivation to comply with parental demands. 
D) assuming that others have hostile intentions.

Question 9

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about individuals' level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals with a higher degree of education tend to reason at a higher level than do others. 
B) Individuals whose moral reasoning is at higher levels are more likely to help others. 
C) Individuals whose moral reasoning is at higher levels are less likely to engage in delinquent activities. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) Individuals with a higher degree of education tend to reason at a higher level than do others. 
B) Individuals whose moral reasoning is at higher levels are more likely to help others. 
C) Individuals whose moral reasoning is at higher levels are less likely to engage in delinquent activities. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 10

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to assess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 6-year-old Phoebe to say that:

Accepted Answer

A) the child who broke 15 glasses is naughtier than the child who broke 1 glass. 
B) the child who broke 1 glass is naughtier than the child who broke 15 glasses. 
C) both children are very naughty. 
D) neither child is naughty 
A) the child who broke 15 glasses is naughtier than the child who broke 1 glass. 
B) the child who broke 1 glass is naughtier than the child who broke 15 glasses. 
C) both children are very naughty. 
D) neither child is naughty

Question 11

Piaget's stage of the morality of constraint is generally characteristic of children in which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) formal operational 
B) preoperational 
C) concrete operational 
D) postoperational 
A) formal operational 
B) preoperational 
C) concrete operational 
D) postoperational

Question 12

Which of the following answers is true of The Fast
Track Intervention program described in the text?

Accepted Answer

A) targeted moderate-risk schools 
B) focused on promoting competency in two domains, academic achievement and peer relations 
C) selected children with conduct problems to participate in a more intensive intervention 
D) had no effect on rate of serious conduct problems 
A) targeted moderate-risk schools 
B) focused on promoting competency in two domains, academic achievement and peer relations 
C) selected children with conduct problems to participate in a more intensive intervention 
D) had no effect on rate of serious conduct problems

Question 13

Describe the differences, if any, that have been found between the moral reasoning of males and the moral reasoning of females. Do you agree with the conclusions of this research? Why or why not? Do you think there are any real sex differences that have not been captured by this research? Explain and be sure to provide support for your argument.

Accepted Answer

Research on the differences in moral rea

Question 14

Which of the following situations is an example of a prosocial moral dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A) Heinz must decide whether to steal a drug to save the life of his wife. 
B) Drebben must decide whether to stop while on his way to work and help a person whose car has broken down on the highway. 
C) Jasper must decide whether to do his homework or play outside with his friends. 
D) Brigham must decide whether to cheat on an exam for which he has just been given the correct answers. 
A) Heinz must decide whether to steal a drug to save the life of his wife. 
B) Drebben must decide whether to stop while on his way to work and help a person whose car has broken down on the highway. 
C) Jasper must decide whether to do his homework or play outside with his friends. 
D) Brigham must decide whether to cheat on an exam for which he has just been given the correct answers.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is an aspect of Piaget's theory of moral judgment that has been supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A) Interacting with peers stimulates moral development. 
B) Preschool-aged children do not consider intentionality when reasoning about morality. 
C) Children increasingly consider motives when judging the morality of actions. 
D) All of these answers have been supported by
research. 
A) Interacting with peers stimulates moral development. 
B) Preschool-aged children do not consider intentionality when reasoning about morality. 
C) Children increasingly consider motives when judging the morality of actions. 
D) All of these answers have been supported by
research.

Question 16

Judgments that pertain to issues of right and wrong are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) social conventional judgments. 
B) moral judgments. 
C) personal judgments. 
D) prosocial judgments. 
A) social conventional judgments. 
B) moral judgments. 
C) personal judgments. 
D) prosocial judgments.

Question 17

Which of the following stages occurs during Piaget's transitional period?

Accepted Answer

A) Children become more concrete in their thinking. 
B) Children become more susceptible to influences by their peers as to what is right and wrong. 
C) Children begin to value fairness. 
D) Children demonstrate greater respect for adults'
impressions of morality. 
A) Children become more concrete in their thinking. 
B) Children become more susceptible to influences by their peers as to what is right and wrong. 
C) Children begin to value fairness. 
D) Children demonstrate greater respect for adults'
impressions of morality.

Question 18

The tendency for individuals of low socioeconomic status in the United States to allow children less autonomy than do middle-class individuals may be a factor in which of the following socioeconomic status differences in social judgment?

Accepted Answer

A) Children from lower-income families are more likely to differentiate sharply between issues of morality and issues of social convention. 
B) Children from middle-income families are more likely to believe issues of personal judgment are also issues of morality. 
C) Children from lower-income families are less likely to view personal issues as a matter of choice. 
D) None of these statements is a factor. 
A) Children from lower-income families are more likely to differentiate sharply between issues of morality and issues of social convention. 
B) Children from middle-income families are more likely to believe issues of personal judgment are also issues of morality. 
C) Children from lower-income families are less likely to view personal issues as a matter of choice. 
D) None of these statements is a factor.

Question 19

Which of the following traits is NOT a necessary characteristic of prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) voluntary 
B) intended to benefit another person 
C) convenient 
D) All are necessary characteristics of prosocial
behavior. 
A) voluntary 
B) intended to benefit another person 
C) convenient 
D) All are necessary characteristics of prosocial
behavior.

Question 20

Based on most of the existing research, which of the following assertions is a true statement about the effect of cultural values on moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) The stages of moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning are universal, and individuals in all cultures progress through the stages at similar rates and eventually mature to the same level. 
B) Individuals in different cultures progress through the stages of moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning at different rates, but individuals in all cultures eventually mature to the same level. 
C) The pattern of changes in moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning in childhood appear to be similar across a variety of cultures, but individuals in all cultures do not always reach the same level. 
D) Moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning vary to a great extent across cultures, including the pattern of developmental changes in early childhood. 
A) The stages of moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning are universal, and individuals in all cultures progress through the stages at similar rates and eventually mature to the same level. 
B) Individuals in different cultures progress through the stages of moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning at different rates, but individuals in all cultures eventually mature to the same level. 
C) The pattern of changes in moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning in childhood appear to be similar across a variety of cultures, but individuals in all cultures do not always reach the same level. 
D) Moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning vary to a great extent across cultures, including the pattern of developmental changes in early childhood.

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the biological influence on aggression?

Parental conflict is associated with children's antisocial and aggressive behavior because parents who have high marital conflict tend to:

Casey hears that her friend has forgotten her homework and is afraid that the teacher is going to yell at her. In response, Casey worries all day about her friend and how her friend is going to handle the situation. Casey is experiencing:

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of the reciprocal role of children's behavior and parents' discipline in promoting antisocial behavior?

Genetic factors might influence individual differences in children's prosocial behavior through differences in:

At which level of prosocial behavior is a person who justifies his or her actions based on stereotypical images of behaviors?

Which emotion at age 22 months predicts morality at age 54 months?

Parents' use of abusive punishment is NOT associated with:

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about individuals' level of moral reasoning?

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to assess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 6-year-old Phoebe to say that:

Piaget's stage of the morality of constraint is generally characteristic of children in which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Which of the following answers is true of The Fast Track Intervention program described in the text?

Which of the following situations is an example of a prosocial moral dilemma?

Which of the following statements is an aspect of Piaget's theory of moral judgment that has been supported by research?

Judgments that pertain to issues of right and wrong are referred to as:

Which of the following stages occurs during Piaget's transitional period?

The tendency for individuals of low socioeconomic status in the United States to allow children less autonomy than do middle-class individuals may be a factor in which of the following socioeconomic status differences in social judgment?

Which of the following traits is NOT a necessary characteristic of prosocial behavior?

Based on most of the existing research, which of the following assertions is a true statement about the effect of cultural values on moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 14: Moral Development

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the biological influence on aggression?

Parental conflict is associated with children's antisocial and aggressive behavior because parents who have high marital conflict tend to:

Casey hears that her friend has forgotten her homework and is afraid that the teacher is going to yell at her. In response, Casey worries all day about her friend and how her friend is going to handle the situation. Casey is experiencing:

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of the reciprocal role of children's behavior and parents' discipline in promoting antisocial behavior?

Genetic factors might influence individual differences in children's prosocial behavior through differences in:

At which level of prosocial behavior is a person who justifies his or her actions based on stereotypical images of behaviors?

Which emotion at age 22 months predicts morality at age 54 months?

Parents' use of abusive punishment is NOT associated with:

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about individuals' level of moral reasoning?

When presented with Piaget's stories designed to assess children's moral reasoning, Piaget would expect 6-year-old Phoebe to say that:

Piaget's stage of the morality of constraint is generally characteristic of children in which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Which of the following answers is true of The Fast Track Intervention program described in the text?

Which of the following situations is an example of a prosocial moral dilemma?

Which of the following statements is an aspect of Piaget's theory of moral judgment that has been supported by research?

Judgments that pertain to issues of right and wrong are referred to as:

Which of the following stages occurs during Piaget's transitional period?

The tendency for individuals of low socioeconomic status in the United States to allow children less autonomy than do middle-class individuals may be a factor in which of the following socioeconomic status differences in social judgment?

Which of the following traits is NOT a necessary characteristic of prosocial behavior?

Based on most of the existing research, which of the following assertions is a true statement about the effect of cultural values on moral reasoning and prosocial moral reasoning?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters