Exam 12: Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Suppose that you hear someone say, "I don't care how many days I am sick; I just care how many days I am well." Which of the following concepts from decision making would be most relevant to this statement?

Suppose that a politician is drafting her position paper on the educational situation in her district. She is trying to decide whether she should say, "If we adopt Plan A, we estimate that 10% of our students will drop out of high school before graduating." Alternately, she might say, "If we adopt Plan A, we estimate that 90% of our students will graduate from high school." She would probably find that her audience responds differently to these two versions of her talk, because of

According to the social cognition approach to stereotypes, we form stereotypes primarily

If a researcher wants to conduct a study on the framing effect, which of the following would be the most likely topic for the study?

An important difference between reasoning and decision making is that

Here is a reasoning problem: "If today is Tuesday then my cognition class meets this morning. Today is not Tuesday. Therefore, my cognition class does not meet this morning." What kind of reasoning does this represent?

A likely explanation for the illusory correlation effect is that

According to the research on prospect theory,

A coin has been tossed six times, and has landed on "heads" five out of the six times. Haley comments that the coin must not be a fair coin, but Zhanna says that this conclusion is unwarranted. Haley has fallen victim to the

Research on the conjunction fallacy shows that

An important difference between reasoning and decision making is that in reasoning,

Imagine that your professor is discussing the prevalence of psychological disorders in the general population, and he says, "A study conducted in 2012 estimated that about 11% of the population has a psychological disorder at any one time." If you were to estimate a confidence interval, based on this number-11%-you would be most likely

Which of the following statements about factors affecting conditional reasoning is correct?

Suppose that you are watching television just after a Congressional election, and your favorite candidate has won-although the election was close. You say to a friend, "Well, I was really quite confident that he would win." This might be an example of

According to the discussion of the representativeness heuristic in Chapter 12, people often commit the small-sample fallacy in social situations. An example of this point is that

Heuristics are relevant when we try to answer a reasoning problem because

A physician is trying to convince a man that he must give up smoking. The man initially believes that the probability of lung cancer is increased by only 10% if he smokes. Why are decision-making heuristics relevant to this situation?

Which of the following students' statements best summarizes the research on the belief-bias effect?

The decision theorists who favor the ecological-rationality perspective are most likely to argue that

Suppose that you hear about a friend who graduated from your college in performing arts. In addition, suppose that you judge that she is more likely to be selling insurance and active in community theater than she is to be selling insurance. You have committed