Question 1

According to the hierarchy of needs theory, the lower-order needs focus on desires for psychological development and growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When Jason was selected as the "Employee of the month" of his organization, he received a cash prize, a holiday package for two, and a year's membership at the Prestize club. Jason was overwhelmed and felt that he got more than what he deserved. Which of the following terms best represents Jason's understanding of the situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandwagon effect 
B)  Representativeness bias 
C)  Framing error 
D)  Over-reward inequity 
E)  Self-concordance 
A)  Bandwagon effect 
B)  Representativeness bias 
C)  Framing error 
D)  Over-reward inequity 
E)  Self-concordance

Question 3

The law of immediate reinforcement states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a punishment should be administered in private. 
B)  a behavior that results in a pleasant outcome is likely to be repeated. 
C)  a satisfied need does not motivate behavior. 
D)  an instant delivery of a reward after the occurrence of a desirable behavior enhances the reinforcing value of the reward. 
E)  a satisfied need can become activated when a higher level need is blocked. 
A)  a punishment should be administered in private. 
B)  a behavior that results in a pleasant outcome is likely to be repeated. 
C)  a satisfied need does not motivate behavior. 
D)  an instant delivery of a reward after the occurrence of a desirable behavior enhances the reinforcing value of the reward. 
E)  a satisfied need can become activated when a higher level need is blocked.

Question 4

According to the ERG theory proposed by Clayton Alderfer, existence needs are desires for:

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological and material well-being. 
B)  recognition, responsibility, and job autonomy. 
C)  psychological growth and development. 
D)  personal growth and development. 
E)  satisfying interpersonal relationships. 
A)  physiological and material well-being. 
B)  recognition, responsibility, and job autonomy. 
C)  psychological growth and development. 
D)  personal growth and development. 
E)  satisfying interpersonal relationships.

Question 5

David had put extra hours into the project and had made sure that all glitches were taken care of. His manager acknowledged his effort and recommended him to be a part of the reconnaissance team visiting China. David was very happy and assured his manager that he'd put in extra effort in the future. Which of the following does this situation exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Law of effect 
B)  Under-reward inequity 
C)  Deficit principle 
D)  Progression principle 
E)  ERG theory 
A)  Law of effect 
B)  Under-reward inequity 
C)  Deficit principle 
D)  Progression principle 
E)  ERG theory

Question 6

Roger is unhappy with the treatment meted out to him by his supervisor who feels that Roger is not performing as per expectations. As a result, Roger's performance linked incentives are a bare minimum, and he is also given lesser stock options than what Roger was expecting for the amount of dedication and hard work put in by him. Which of the following best represents Roger's understanding of the situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandwagon effect 
B)  Under-reward inequity 
C)  Snowball effect 
D)  Instrumentality 
E)  Self-concordance 
A)  Bandwagon effect 
B)  Under-reward inequity 
C)  Snowball effect 
D)  Instrumentality 
E)  Self-concordance

Question 7

How does the Alderfer's ERG theory differ from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory classifies human needs a

Question 8

_____ increases task variety by combining into one job two or more tasks previously done by separate workers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertical loading 
B)  Job enlargement 
C)  Job enrichment 
D)  Job rotation 
E)  Automation 
A)  Vertical loading 
B)  Job enlargement 
C)  Job enrichment 
D)  Job rotation 
E)  Automation

Question 9

The concept of _____ proposes that people have different preferences for equity and thus react differently to perceptions of inequity.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  instrumentality 
C)  equity sensitivity 
D)  perceived inequities 
E)  negative reinforcement 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  instrumentality 
C)  equity sensitivity 
D)  perceived inequities 
E)  negative reinforcement

Question 10

If a job is redesigned to involve a major part of the work to be completed by a single person in order to produce a visible outcome, then it is high on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  job enlargement 
B)  task significance 
C)  task identity 
D)  skill variety 
E)  task analysis 
A)  job enlargement 
B)  task significance 
C)  task identity 
D)  skill variety 
E)  task analysis

Question 11

Which of the following measures when employed will help managers to create positive instrumentalities among employees?

Accepted Answer

A)  Providing employees with the best training and development 
B)  Linking the needs and desires of employees with the rewards that can be earned through high performance 
C)  Increasing communication with subordinates to help identify important employee needs and desires 
D)  Clarifying the possible rewards for high performance and allocating those rewards fairly on a performance-contingent basis 
E)  Selecting workers with the right abilities for the jobs to be done 
A)  Providing employees with the best training and development 
B)  Linking the needs and desires of employees with the rewards that can be earned through high performance 
C)  Increasing communication with subordinates to help identify important employee needs and desires 
D)  Clarifying the possible rewards for high performance and allocating those rewards fairly on a performance-contingent basis 
E)  Selecting workers with the right abilities for the jobs to be done

Question 12

Need for _____ is the desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with other people.

Accepted Answer

A)  accomplishment 
B)  achievement 
C)  power 
D)  autonomy 
E)  affiliation 
A)  accomplishment 
B)  achievement 
C)  power 
D)  autonomy 
E)  affiliation

Question 13

Which of the following satisfies social needs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adequate compensation and benefits 
B)  Physical comfort on the job 
C)  Safe working conditions 
D)  Pleasant supervisor 
E)  Promotion to higher status job 
A)  Adequate compensation and benefits 
B)  Physical comfort on the job 
C)  Safe working conditions 
D)  Pleasant supervisor 
E)  Promotion to higher status job

Question 14

Andrew has been working for an advertising firm for a few months any time the firm needs help meeting a tight deadline. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  telecommuting 
B)  job enrichment 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  intermittent reinforcement 
E)  independent contracting 
A)  telecommuting 
B)  job enrichment 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  intermittent reinforcement 
E)  independent contracting

Question 15

John, a supervisor in a tea manufacturing company, observes that the employees are not happy with their jobs as they find it monotonous. They get bored of doing the same thing every day. John tries to deal with this problem by combining two or three tasks that were previously done by different employees and allotting a single person to perform the task. The method employed by John to increase the task variety is called job _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sharing 
B)  rotation 
C)  simplification 
D)  enrichment 
E)  enlargement 
A)  sharing 
B)  rotation 
C)  simplification 
D)  enrichment 
E)  enlargement

Question 16

_____ is a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a person's belief that various...

Question 17

_____ is positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chaining 
B)  Horizontal loading 
C)  Job rotation 
D)  Vertical loading 
E)  Shaping 
A)  Chaining 
B)  Horizontal loading 
C)  Job rotation 
D)  Vertical loading 
E)  Shaping

Question 18

The law of _____ reinforcement is that a reward should only be given when a desired behavior occurs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The law of _____ reinforcement is that...

Question 19

A person's belief that successful performance will be followed by rewards and other work-related outcomes is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  resiliency 
B)  competency 
C)  efficacy 
D)  instrumentality 
E)  valence 
A)  resiliency 
B)  competency 
C)  efficacy 
D)  instrumentality 
E)  valence

Question 20

If people perceive they are being under-rewarded, they believe they are getting less ___ than ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  expectancy; valence 
B)  inputs; outputs 
C)  instrumentality; expectancy 
D)  outputs; inputs 
E)  valence; instrumentality 
A)  expectancy; valence 
B)  inputs; outputs 
C)  instrumentality; expectancy 
D)  outputs; inputs 
E)  valence; instrumentality

According to the hierarchy of needs theory, the lower-order needs focus on desires for psychological development and growth.

The law of immediate reinforcement states that:

According to the ERG theory proposed by Clayton Alderfer, existence needs are desires for:

How does the Alderfer's ERG theory differ from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

_____ increases task variety by combining into one job two or more tasks previously done by separate workers.

The concept of _____ proposes that people have different preferences for equity and thus react differently to perceptions of inequity.

If a job is redesigned to involve a major part of the work to be completed by a single person in order to produce a visible outcome, then it is high on _____.

Which of the following measures when employed will help managers to create positive instrumentalities among employees?

Need for _____ is the desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with other people.

Which of the following satisfies social needs?

Andrew has been working for an advertising firm for a few months any time the firm needs help meeting a tight deadline. This is an example of _____.

_____ is a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance.

_____ is positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior.

The law of _____ reinforcement is that a reward should only be given when a desired behavior occurs.

A person's belief that successful performance will be followed by rewards and other work-related outcomes is known as _____.

If people perceive they are being under-rewarded, they believe they are getting less _ than __.

Management, Managers, and Careers

Management Learning Past to Present

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Environment, Technology, and Sustainability

Global Management and Cultural Diversity

Entrepreneurship and New Ventures

Data and Decision Making

Planning Processes and Techniques

Control Processes and Systems

Strategy and Strategic Management

Organization Structures

Organizational Culture and Change

Human Resource Management

Leading and Leadership Development

Individual Behavior

Teams and Teamwork

Communication and Collaboration

Filters

Exam 16: Motivation Theory and Practice

According to the hierarchy of needs theory, the lower-order needs focus on desires for psychological development and growth.

The law of immediate reinforcement states that:

According to the ERG theory proposed by Clayton Alderfer, existence needs are desires for:

How does the Alderfer's ERG theory differ from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

_____ increases task variety by combining into one job two or more tasks previously done by separate workers.

The concept of _____ proposes that people have different preferences for equity and thus react differently to perceptions of inequity.

If a job is redesigned to involve a major part of the work to be completed by a single person in order to produce a visible outcome, then it is high on _____.

Which of the following measures when employed will help managers to create positive instrumentalities among employees?

Need for _____ is the desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with other people.

Which of the following satisfies social needs?

Andrew has been working for an advertising firm for a few months any time the firm needs help meeting a tight deadline. This is an example of _____.

_____ is a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance.

_____ is positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior.

The law of _____ reinforcement is that a reward should only be given when a desired behavior occurs.

A person's belief that successful performance will be followed by rewards and other work-related outcomes is known as _____.

If people perceive they are being under-rewarded, they believe they are getting less ___ than ____.

Management, Managers, and Careers

Management Learning Past to Present

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Environment, Technology, and Sustainability

Global Management and Cultural Diversity

Entrepreneurship and New Ventures

Data and Decision Making

Planning Processes and Techniques

Control Processes and Systems

Strategy and Strategic Management

Organization Structures

Organizational Culture and Change

Human Resource Management

Leading and Leadership Development

Individual Behavior

Teams and Teamwork

Communication and Collaboration

Filters

If people perceive they are being under-rewarded, they believe they are getting less _ than __.