Question 1

Some strains of haloarchaea exhibit

Accepted Answer

A)  anoxic growth at the expense of sugar fermentation. 
B)  anaerobic respiration. 
C)  anoxygenic photosynthesis. 
D)  light-driven ATP synthesis under oxygen-limiting conditions. 
A)  anoxic growth at the expense of sugar fermentation. 
B)  anaerobic respiration. 
C)  anoxygenic photosynthesis. 
D)  light-driven ATP synthesis under oxygen-limiting conditions. D

Question 2

Crenarchaeotes whose optimal growth temperature is over 80°C are called

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperthermophiles. 
B)  thermophiles. 
C)  extreme halophiles. 
D)  halophiles. 
A)  hyperthermophiles. 
B)  thermophiles. 
C)  extreme halophiles. 
D)  halophiles. A

Question 3

The factor that most affects the thermostability of a protein is its

Accepted Answer

A)  highly hydrophobic core regions. 
B)  folding pattern. 
C)  ionic surface interactions. 
D)  number of hydrogen bonds. 
A)  highly hydrophobic core regions. 
B)  folding pattern. 
C)  ionic surface interactions. 
D)  number of hydrogen bonds. B

Question 4

Nitrifying Archaea such as Nitrosopumilus maritimus use ________ as a sole carbon source and are capable of obtaining sufficient energy by aerobically oxidizing ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO₂ / NO 
B)  sugars / ammonia 
C)  CO₂ / ammonia 
D)  organic acids / NO 
A)  CO₂ / NO 
B)  sugars / ammonia 
C)  CO₂ / ammonia 
D)  organic acids / NO

Question 5

Compatible solutes counteract the tendency of a cell to become

Accepted Answer

A)  buoyant in high ionic strength environments. 
B)  hyperosmotic in low ionic strength environments. 
C)  dehydrated in high ionic strength environments. 
D)  viscous in low ionic strength environments. 
A)  buoyant in high ionic strength environments. 
B)  hyperosmotic in low ionic strength environments. 
C)  dehydrated in high ionic strength environments. 
D)  viscous in low ionic strength environments.

Question 6

Some crenarchaeotes have growth optima above the boiling point of water (at atmospheric pressure).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following types of metabolisms is NOT found in Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis 
B)  chemolithotrophy 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  aerobic respiration 
A)  photosynthesis 
B)  chemolithotrophy 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  aerobic respiration

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about the crenarchael genera Sulfolobus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sulfolobus grows in sulfur-rich hot alkaline springs. 
B)  Sulfolobus is an anaerobic chemolithotroph. 
C)  Sulfolobus can grow chemoorganotrophically. 
D)  Sulfolobus is a gram-positive rod. 
A)  Sulfolobus grows in sulfur-rich hot alkaline springs. 
B)  Sulfolobus is an anaerobic chemolithotroph. 
C)  Sulfolobus can grow chemoorganotrophically. 
D)  Sulfolobus is a gram-positive rod.

Question 9

When retinal in bacteriorhodopsin becomes excited, it directly catalyzes the formation of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Thermostable proteins tend to have additional features that improve thermostability. Which of the following is NOT one of these features?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased ionic interactions on the protein surfaces 
B)  highly hydrophilic cores 
C)  decreased tendency of the protein to unfold 
D)  highly hydrophobic cores 
A)  increased ionic interactions on the protein surfaces 
B)  highly hydrophilic cores 
C)  decreased tendency of the protein to unfold 
D)  highly hydrophobic cores

Question 11

Some members of the Thermoplasmatales can grow at pH levels below

Accepted Answer

A)  4. 
B)  7. 
C)  0. 
D)  10. 
A)  4. 
B)  7. 
C)  0. 
D)  10.

Question 12

Approximately ________ of the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii genes have no counterparts in known genes from other sequenced organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  40% 
D)  70% 
A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  40% 
D)  70%

Question 13

What is thought to be the maximum temperature for life to exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  125°C 
B)  150°C 
C)  250°C 
D)  500°C 
A)  125°C 
B)  150°C 
C)  250°C 
D)  500°C

Question 14

What is the minimum concentration of sodium chloride that an extreme halophile requires for growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 M 
B)  4 M 
C)  6 M 
D)  10 M 
A)  1.5 M 
B)  4 M 
C)  6 M 
D)  10 M

Question 15

Explain why the presence of many Archaea has been confirmed only by community sampling of rRNA genes and not by culture in the laboratory. How has metagenomics helped to solve this problem?

Accepted Answer

Due to the extreme environmental conditi

Question 16

What characteristic do bacterial mycoplasmas and the archaeal Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  contain plasmids 
B)  hyperthermophilic 
C)  lack cell walls 
D)  relatively large genomes from duplicated genes 
A)  contain plasmids 
B)  hyperthermophilic 
C)  lack cell walls 
D)  relatively large genomes from duplicated genes

Question 17

Where is the thermosome found, and what is its apparent role?

Accepted Answer

A thermosome is a complex containing cha

Question 18

________ is a strict anaerobe with irregularly disc-shaped cells and an optimum growth temperature of 105°C. It grows chemolithotrophically on H₂ with S⁰ as an electron acceptor or chemoorganotrophically on complex mixtures of organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyrodictium 
B)  Pyrolobus 
C)  Pyrobaculum 
D)  Desulfurococcus 
A)  Pyrodictium 
B)  Pyrolobus 
C)  Pyrobaculum 
D)  Desulfurococcus

Question 19

Archaea are

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily ancient organisms that have not evolved very much in the last billion years. 
B)  phylogenetically diverse, but functionally restricted to extremophiles and chemolithotrophs. 
C)  a group of diverse microorganisms that inhabit almost every environment on Earth, including the colon of humans and other mammals. 
D)  functionally diverse, but restricted to thermophilic or hyperthermophilic environments. 
A)  primarily ancient organisms that have not evolved very much in the last billion years. 
B)  phylogenetically diverse, but functionally restricted to extremophiles and chemolithotrophs. 
C)  a group of diverse microorganisms that inhabit almost every environment on Earth, including the colon of humans and other mammals. 
D)  functionally diverse, but restricted to thermophilic or hyperthermophilic environments.

Question 20

Most known methanogens are nonhalophilic

Accepted Answer

A)  psychrophiles. 
B)  mesophiles. 
C)  thermophiles. 
D)  extremophiles. 
A)  psychrophiles. 
B)  mesophiles. 
C)  thermophiles. 
D)  extremophiles.

Exam 17: Diversity of Archaea

Some strains of haloarchaea exhibit

Crenarchaeotes whose optimal growth temperature is over 80°C are called

The factor that most affects the thermostability of a protein is its

Nitrifying Archaea such as Nitrosopumilus maritimus use ________ as a sole carbon source and are capable of obtaining sufficient energy by aerobically oxidizing ________.

Compatible solutes counteract the tendency of a cell to become

Some crenarchaeotes have growth optima above the boiling point of water (at atmospheric pressure).

Which of the following types of metabolisms is NOT found in Archaea?

Which of the following is TRUE about the crenarchael genera Sulfolobus?

When retinal in bacteriorhodopsin becomes excited, it directly catalyzes the formation of ATP.

Thermostable proteins tend to have additional features that improve thermostability. Which of the following is NOT one of these features?

Some members of the Thermoplasmatales can grow at pH levels below

Approximately ________ of the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii genes have no counterparts in known genes from other sequenced organisms.

What is thought to be the maximum temperature for life to exist?

What is the minimum concentration of sodium chloride that an extreme halophile requires for growth?

Explain why the presence of many Archaea has been confirmed only by community sampling of rRNA genes and not by culture in the laboratory. How has metagenomics helped to solve this problem?

What characteristic do bacterial mycoplasmas and the archaeal Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma have in common?

Where is the thermosome found, and what is its apparent role?

________ is a strict anaerobe with irregularly disc-shaped cells and an optimum growth temperature of 105°C. It grows chemolithotrophically on H₂ with S⁰ as an electron acceptor or chemoorganotrophically on complex mixtures of organic compounds.

Archaea are

Most known methanogens are nonhalophilic

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