Question 1

Use the events in the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni to propose two different strategies to reduce the incidence of snail fever.

Accepted Answer

The life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni requires both snails and humans (or other mammals) as hosts. Schistosome eggs hatch in freshwater environments such as rivers or lakes and release miracidia that infect snails. Inside the snail, the miracidia transform in cercaria that are released into the environment. The cercaria can then infect humans or other mammals by burrowing into the skin and migrating to the lung and liver. The cercaria mature and produce eggs that are released in urine and feces. The eggs then hatch and the cycle continues. Separation of sewage from water used for washing, swimming, and drinking would disrupt the cycle and prevent the exposure of humans to the miracidia and the reinfection of snails from urine and feces. Another strategy would be to reduce the number of snails in freshwater environments that are used for washing and drinking water. Lastly, treatment of people with schistosomiasis would reduce the number of eggs shed into water supplies.

Question 2

Giardia cysts are found in most surface water sources in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  TRUE

Question 3

The treatment regimen for people with normal immunity recovering from cryptosporidiosis includes

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple antibiotics. 
B)  antihelmenthic chemotherapy. 
C)  multiple antibiotics and careful monitoring of fluid levels. 
D)  oral rehydration only. 
A)  multiple antibiotics. 
B)  antihelmenthic chemotherapy. 
C)  multiple antibiotics and careful monitoring of fluid levels. 
D)  oral rehydration only. D

Question 4

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Why do so many eukaryotic pathogens cause highly refractory and long-term chronic infections that are difficult to treat in contrast with prokaryotic pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic infections can be more diffic

Question 6

How are trypanosome diseases similar to malaria? How are they different than malaria?

Accepted Answer

Both trypanosome diseases and malaria ar

Question 7

Balantidium coli is usually transmitted by a vector.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A malarial parasite growing within erythrocytes is more resistant to the drug chloroquine than a free parasite.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following types of vaccines are currently in development for malaria?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthetic peptide vaccines 
B)  recombinant particle vaccines 
C)  DNA vaccines 
D)  synthetic peptide, recombinant particle and DNA vaccines 
A)  synthetic peptide vaccines 
B)  recombinant particle vaccines 
C)  DNA vaccines 
D)  synthetic peptide, recombinant particle and DNA vaccines

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common cause of fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Candida albicans 
B)  Giardia intestinalis 
C)  Leishmania tropica 
D)  Schistosoma mansoni 
A)  Candida albicans 
B)  Giardia intestinalis 
C)  Leishmania tropica 
D)  Schistosoma mansoni

Question 11

Malaria is

Accepted Answer

A)  the most common cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide. 
B)  prevented or treated with chloroquine. 
C)  controlled by reducing the population of the mosquito vector. 
D)  the most common cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide, although it can be controlled by reducing the population of the mosquito vector and prevented or treated with chloroquine. 
A)  the most common cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide. 
B)  prevented or treated with chloroquine. 
C)  controlled by reducing the population of the mosquito vector. 
D)  the most common cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide, although it can be controlled by reducing the population of the mosquito vector and prevented or treated with chloroquine.

Question 12

Which of the following filariases are transmitted by insect vectors?

Accepted Answer

A)  elephantiasis 
B)  river blindness 
C)  trichinosis 
D)  elephantiasis and river blindness 
A)  elephantiasis 
B)  river blindness 
C)  trichinosis 
D)  elephantiasis and river blindness

Question 13

The initial infective stage of the malarial parasite is the

Accepted Answer

A)  sporozoite. 
B)  merozoite. 
C)  schizont. 
D)  plasmodyite. 
A)  sporozoite. 
B)  merozoite. 
C)  schizont. 
D)  plasmodyite.

Question 14

Why are systemic fungal infections seen only in a subset of the population, even though most people contact fungi and fungal spores in soil and dust all of the time? Contrast the epidemiology of systemic fungal infections with giardiasis, which infects virtually everyone that comes in contact with the pathogen.

Accepted Answer

Most of the population has sufficient im

Question 15

As a malarial infection by Plasmodium falciparum progresses, gametocytes are formed. The gametocytes unite in the bloodstream before being picked up by the insect vector.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowlerii is always fatal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How does insect ecology and the life cycle of Plasmodium impact the epidemiology and pathogenesis of classic malaria?

Accepted Answer

Malaria is spread only by female Anophel

Question 18

You and your friends are hiking the Appalachian trail in North Carolina. You run out of water and your friends want to fill up from a beautiful clear stream in the middle of the forest. What precautions should you take before drinking the water and why?

Accepted Answer

The most common disease that can be cont

Question 19

Anopheles mosquitoes ingest malarial gametocytes, which do not mature into gametes until transferred to the blood of a mammalian host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Toxoplasma gondii usually causes only mild illness, but can cause severe symptoms such as brain damage in some cases (especially when the host is immunocompromised).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 33: Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

Use the events in the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni to propose two different strategies to reduce the incidence of snail fever.

Giardia cysts are found in most surface water sources in the United States.

The treatment regimen for people with normal immunity recovering from cryptosporidiosis includes

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis.

Why do so many eukaryotic pathogens cause highly refractory and long-term chronic infections that are difficult to treat in contrast with prokaryotic pathogens?

How are trypanosome diseases similar to malaria? How are they different than malaria?

Balantidium coli is usually transmitted by a vector.

A malarial parasite growing within erythrocytes is more resistant to the drug chloroquine than a free parasite.

Which of the following types of vaccines are currently in development for malaria?

Which of the following is the most common cause of fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients?

Malaria is

Which of the following filariases are transmitted by insect vectors?

The initial infective stage of the malarial parasite is the

As a malarial infection by Plasmodium falciparum progresses, gametocytes are formed. The gametocytes unite in the bloodstream before being picked up by the insect vector.

Meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowlerii is always fatal.

How does insect ecology and the life cycle of Plasmodium impact the epidemiology and pathogenesis of classic malaria?

You and your friends are hiking the Appalachian trail in North Carolina. You run out of water and your friends want to fill up from a beautiful clear stream in the middle of the forest. What precautions should you take before drinking the water and why?

Anopheles mosquitoes ingest malarial gametocytes, which do not mature into gametes until transferred to the blood of a mammalian host.

Toxoplasma gondii usually causes only mild illness, but can cause severe symptoms such as brain damage in some cases (especially when the host is immunocompromised).

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

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