Question 1

Which of the following pathogens does NOT use capsules or a slime layer for attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vibrio cholera 
B)  Streptococcus pneumonia 
C)  Bacillus anthracis 
D)  All of these pathogens use capsules or slime layers for attachment. 
A)  Vibrio cholera 
B)  Streptococcus pneumonia 
C)  Bacillus anthracis 
D)  All of these pathogens use capsules or slime layers for attachment. A

Question 2

Virulence genes may be located on mobile genetic elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  TRUE

Question 3

________ in saliva cleaves glycosidic linkages in the peptidoglycan that is present in bacterial cell walls, weakening the wall and potentially causing cell lysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mucus 
B)  Lysozyme 
C)  Fibrin 
D)  Lipid A 
A)  Mucus 
B)  Lysozyme 
C)  Fibrin 
D)  Lipid A B

Question 4

Pathogenicity and virulence differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenicity refers to the overall ability of a microbe to cause disease, whereas virulence refers to the ability of one microbe to cause disease relative to another. 
B)  virulence refers to the overall ability of a microbe to cause disease, whereas pathogenicity refers to the ability of one microbe to cause disease relative to another. 
C)  pathogenicity only refers to pathogens, whereas virulence refers to any microbe that can cause an infection. 
D)  virulence only refers to pathogens, whereas pathogenicity refers to any microbe that can cause an infection. 
A)  pathogenicity refers to the overall ability of a microbe to cause disease, whereas virulence refers to the ability of one microbe to cause disease relative to another. 
B)  virulence refers to the overall ability of a microbe to cause disease, whereas pathogenicity refers to the ability of one microbe to cause disease relative to another. 
C)  pathogenicity only refers to pathogens, whereas virulence refers to any microbe that can cause an infection. 
D)  virulence only refers to pathogens, whereas pathogenicity refers to any microbe that can cause an infection.

Question 5

________ is a damage or injury to a host organism that impairs its function.

Accepted Answer

A)  Trauma 
B)  Infection 
C)  Disease 
D)  Transmission 
A)  Trauma 
B)  Infection 
C)  Disease 
D)  Transmission

Question 6

The dose of an antigen that kills 50% of animals in a test group and is used to estimate the virulence of a pathogen is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen dose₅₀. 
B)  Virulence-50. 
C)  LD₅₀ (lethal dose₅₀). 
D)  Death rate-50. 
A)  Antigen dose₅₀. 
B)  Virulence-50. 
C)  LD₅₀ (lethal dose₅₀). 
D)  Death rate-50.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major growth-limiting micronutrient that influences microbial growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  iron 
B)  water 
C)  vitamin K 
D)  sugar 
A)  iron 
B)  water 
C)  vitamin K 
D)  sugar

Question 8

Compared with an endotoxin, would a bacterial exotoxin generally be more likely to function after it had been significantly heated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because exotoxins are very heat stable compared to endotoxins. 
B)  Yes, because exotoxins are proteins and non-living but endotoxins are part of the bacterial cell wall. 
C)  No, because exotoxins are carbohydrates and endotoxins are proteins. 
D)  No, because exotoxins are heat-labile and less resistant to heating than endotoxins. 
A)  Yes, because exotoxins are very heat stable compared to endotoxins. 
B)  Yes, because exotoxins are proteins and non-living but endotoxins are part of the bacterial cell wall. 
C)  No, because exotoxins are carbohydrates and endotoxins are proteins. 
D)  No, because exotoxins are heat-labile and less resistant to heating than endotoxins.

Question 9

Pathogen virulence NEVER changes throughout a hostʹs life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Explain how diet plays a role in the development of dental caries.

Accepted Answer

Sugar in the human diet contributes to d

Question 11

An endogenous pyrogen is

Accepted Answer

A)  a chemical from the bacterial cell wall that causes fever. 
B)  a chemical produced by a host's own immune system that causes fever. 
C)  a chemical released by a bacterial cell that causes fever. 
D)  a chemical produced within a bacterial cell that is released during cell division or at death of the bacterium, at which point it causes fever. 
A)  a chemical from the bacterial cell wall that causes fever. 
B)  a chemical produced by a host's own immune system that causes fever. 
C)  a chemical released by a bacterial cell that causes fever. 
D)  a chemical produced within a bacterial cell that is released during cell division or at death of the bacterium, at which point it causes fever.

Question 12

Cholera begins following a bite from a mosquito.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Tetanus toxin causes

Accepted Answer

A)  muscles to be unable to relax. 
B)  muscles to be unable to contract. 
C)  severe diarrhea. 
D)  hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
A)  muscles to be unable to relax. 
B)  muscles to be unable to contract. 
C)  severe diarrhea. 
D)  hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Question 14

Invasion is the ability of a pathogen to enter into host cells or tissues, spread, and cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What are the different categories of exotoxins, and how do they function?

Accepted Answer

The three categories are AB toxins, cyto

Question 16

________ are toxic proteins released from the pathogen during normal growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotoxins 
B)  Exotoxins 
C)  Macrotoxins 
D)  Microtoxins 
A)  Endotoxins 
B)  Exotoxins 
C)  Macrotoxins 
D)  Microtoxins

Question 17

Escherichia coli is commonly found in the normal human microbiota, but some strains can cause severe illness. What is the difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli in relation to the human host?

Accepted Answer

Most nonpathogenic E. coli strains are f

Question 18

The condition that results when some bacteria are shed in the bloodstream and distributed to distant parts of the body but do not reproduce in the blood is called

Accepted Answer

A)  septicemia. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  uremia. 
D)  erythemia. 
A)  septicemia. 
B)  bacteremia. 
C)  uremia. 
D)  erythemia.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of an AB toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  shiga-like toxin 
B)  hemolysins 
C)  botulinum toxin 
D)  tetanus toxin 
A)  shiga-like toxin 
B)  hemolysins 
C)  botulinum toxin 
D)  tetanus toxin

Question 20

R plasmids help prevent the spread of virulence factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Which of the following pathogens does NOT use capsules or a slime layer for attachment?

Virulence genes may be located on mobile genetic elements.

________ in saliva cleaves glycosidic linkages in the peptidoglycan that is present in bacterial cell walls, weakening the wall and potentially causing cell lysis.

Pathogenicity and virulence differ in that

________ is a damage or injury to a host organism that impairs its function.

The dose of an antigen that kills 50% of animals in a test group and is used to estimate the virulence of a pathogen is known as

Which of the following is a major growth-limiting micronutrient that influences microbial growth?

Compared with an endotoxin, would a bacterial exotoxin generally be more likely to function after it had been significantly heated?

Pathogen virulence NEVER changes throughout a hostʹs life.

Explain how diet plays a role in the development of dental caries.

An endogenous pyrogen is

Cholera begins following a bite from a mosquito.

Tetanus toxin causes

Invasion is the ability of a pathogen to enter into host cells or tissues, spread, and cause disease.

What are the different categories of exotoxins, and how do they function?

________ are toxic proteins released from the pathogen during normal growth.

Escherichia coli is commonly found in the normal human microbiota, but some strains can cause severe illness. What is the difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli in relation to the human host?

The condition that results when some bacteria are shed in the bloodstream and distributed to distant parts of the body but do not reproduce in the blood is called

Which of the following is NOT an example of an AB toxin?

R plasmids help prevent the spread of virulence factors.

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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