Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases. 
B)  Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney. 
C)  Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels. 
D)  Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels. 
E)  Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity. 
A)  When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases. 
B)  Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney. 
C)  Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels. 
D)  Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels. 
E)  Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.

Question 2

What does structure "C" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphysis 
B)  epiphyseal lines 
C)  cancellous bone 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  diaphysis 
A)  epiphysis 
B)  epiphyseal lines 
C)  cancellous bone 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  diaphysis

Question 3

Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone

Accepted Answer

A)  in the epiphyseal plate of long bones. 
B)  in the secondary ossification center of the epiphyses. 
C)  on the surface of the bone. 
D)  on cancellous, but not compact bone. 
E)  in interstitial areas. 
A)  in the epiphyseal plate of long bones. 
B)  in the secondary ossification center of the epiphyses. 
C)  on the surface of the bone. 
D)  on cancellous, but not compact bone. 
E)  in interstitial areas.

Question 4

Intramembranous ossification

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells. 
B)  forms the bones of the roof of the skull. 
C)  occurs on the outer surface of the membrane. 
D)  is the process that produces most of the skeletal system. 
E)  occurs when bones develop from cartilage models. 
A)  occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells. 
B)  forms the bones of the roof of the skull. 
C)  occurs on the outer surface of the membrane. 
D)  is the process that produces most of the skeletal system. 
E)  occurs when bones develop from cartilage models.

Question 5

What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull?

Accepted Answer

A)  intramembranous ossification 
B)  endochondral ossification 
A)  intramembranous ossification 
B)  endochondral ossification

Question 6

Long bones grow in length at the

Accepted Answer

A)  endosteum-periosteum junction. 
B)  articular cartilage. 
C)  center of the shaft. 
D)  center of the epiphysis. 
E)  epiphyseal plate. 
A)  endosteum-periosteum junction. 
B)  articular cartilage. 
C)  center of the shaft. 
D)  center of the epiphysis. 
E)  epiphyseal plate.

Question 7

Osteoporosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
C)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
D)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
E)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
C)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
D)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
E)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.

Question 8

Cartilage

Accepted Answer

A)  is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum. 
B)  is composed of osteons. 
C)  is well vascularized. 
D)  contains chondrocytes located in lacunae. 
E)  does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels. 
A)  is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum. 
B)  is composed of osteons. 
C)  is well vascularized. 
D)  contains chondrocytes located in lacunae. 
E)  does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels.

Question 9

An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphysis 
B)  epiphyseal line 
C)  articular surface 
D)  epiphysis 
E)  growth plate 
A)  diaphysis 
B)  epiphyseal line 
C)  articular surface 
D)  epiphysis 
E)  growth plate

Question 10

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "C"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
B)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
C)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
D)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine. 
A)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
B)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
C)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
D)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth. 
B)  In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes. 
C)  Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  Bones can not grow by appositional growth. 
E)  Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length. 
A)  Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth. 
B)  In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes. 
C)  Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  Bones can not grow by appositional growth. 
E)  Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length.

Question 12

Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

Accepted Answer

A)  bone matrix. 
B)  blood. 
C)  fibrous cartilage. 
D)  hyaline cartilage. 
E)  ligaments. 
A)  bone matrix. 
B)  blood. 
C)  fibrous cartilage. 
D)  hyaline cartilage. 
E)  ligaments.

Question 13

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "B"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
B)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
C)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine. 
D)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
A)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
B)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
C)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine. 
D)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast.

Question 14

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  articular cartilage 
B)  fibrocartilage 
C)  cancellous bone 
D)  elastic cartilage 
E)  periosteum 
A)  articular cartilage 
B)  fibrocartilage 
C)  cancellous bone 
D)  elastic cartilage 
E)  periosteum

Question 15

The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyapatite crystals. 
B)  collagenase. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  elastin fibers. 
E)  bone marrow. 
A)  hydroxyapatite crystals. 
B)  collagenase. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  elastin fibers. 
E)  bone marrow.

Question 16

The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocartilage. 
B)  elastic cartilage. 
C)  hyaline cartilage. 
D)  interstitial cartilage. 
E)  fibrocartilage. 
A)  osteocartilage. 
B)  elastic cartilage. 
C)  hyaline cartilage. 
D)  interstitial cartilage. 
E)  fibrocartilage.

Question 17

Spongy bone tissue

Accepted Answer

A)  contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. 
B)  is very dense. 
C)  contains concentric lamellae. 
D)  is the primary component of compact bone. 
E)  has many spaces and lacks osteocytes. 
A)  contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. 
B)  is very dense. 
C)  contains concentric lamellae. 
D)  is the primary component of compact bone. 
E)  has many spaces and lacks osteocytes.

Question 18

Osteomyelitis causes destruction of bone tissue primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  promoting inflammation and overstimulation of osteoclast activity. 
B)  inhibiting bone marrow production of osteoclasts. 
C)  suppressing the production of RANKL by osteoblasts. 
D)  stimulating apoptosis in osteoclast cells. 
A)  promoting inflammation and overstimulation of osteoclast activity. 
B)  inhibiting bone marrow production of osteoclasts. 
C)  suppressing the production of RANKL by osteoblasts. 
D)  stimulating apoptosis in osteoclast cells.

Question 19

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast 
B)  fibroblast 
C)  osteocyte 
D)  chondroclast 
E)  chondroblast 
A)  osteoclast 
B)  fibroblast 
C)  osteocyte 
D)  chondroclast 
E)  chondroblast

Question 20

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  long bone. 
B)  flat bone. 
C)  short bone. 
D)  irregular bone. 
A)  long bone. 
B)  flat bone. 
C)  short bone. 
D)  irregular bone.

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

What does structure "C" represent on the bone diagram?

Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone

Intramembranous ossification

What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull?

Long bones grow in length at the

Osteoporosis is

Cartilage

An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "C"?

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "B"?

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

Spongy bone tissue

Osteomyelitis causes destruction of bone tissue primarily by

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

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Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

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Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

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Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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