Question 1

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

Accepted Answer

A)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
B)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
C)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
D)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
E)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
A)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
B)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
C)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
D)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
E)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.

Question 2

The application of pressure creates a slight electrical charge on osteoblasts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Sixty-five year old Stephen has knee replacement surgery which requires a thin section of his distal femur to be removed. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Due to the invasive nature of the surgical procedure, Stephen is at risk for osteomyelitis, a bacterial infection of bone. 
B)  Stephen has no risk of osteomyelitis because he tests negative for Staphylococcus aureus when given a skin swab. 
C)  The health care team informs Stephen he is at high risk for osteomyelitis due to his age. 
D)  As long as the surgery has minimal bleeding, Stephen will have no risk for developing osteomyelitis. 
A)  Due to the invasive nature of the surgical procedure, Stephen is at risk for osteomyelitis, a bacterial infection of bone. 
B)  Stephen has no risk of osteomyelitis because he tests negative for Staphylococcus aureus when given a skin swab. 
C)  The health care team informs Stephen he is at high risk for osteomyelitis due to his age. 
D)  As long as the surgery has minimal bleeding, Stephen will have no risk for developing osteomyelitis.

Question 4

Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteoglycan 
B)  hyaluronic acid 
C)  elastin 
D)  collagen 
E)  chondrocytes 
A)  proteoglycan 
B)  hyaluronic acid 
C)  elastin 
D)  collagen 
E)  chondrocytes

Question 5

How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
B)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
C)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
A)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
B)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
C)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
E)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.

Question 6

Woven bone

Accepted Answer

A)  has a porous appearance. 
B)  is not easily restructured. 
C)  has its collagen fibers randomly oriented. 
D)  is organized into thin sheets of tissue. 
E)  is very light in weight. 
A)  has a porous appearance. 
B)  is not easily restructured. 
C)  has its collagen fibers randomly oriented. 
D)  is organized into thin sheets of tissue. 
E)  is very light in weight.

Question 7

Haversian systems or osteons

Accepted Answer

A)  lack concentric lamellae. 
B)  do not contain osteocytes. 
C)  are found in spongy bone tissue. 
D)  are avascular. 
E)  are the basic units in compact bone tissue. 
A)  lack concentric lamellae. 
B)  do not contain osteocytes. 
C)  are found in spongy bone tissue. 
D)  are avascular. 
E)  are the basic units in compact bone tissue.

Question 8

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "E"?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine. 
B)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
C)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
D)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast. 
A)  PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine. 
B)  Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption. 
C)  Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts. 
D)  Calcium is lost in urine. 
E)  PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast.

Question 9

The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is

Accepted Answer

A)  circumferential. 
B)  interstitial. 
C)  appositional. 
D)  concentric. 
E)  oppositional. 
A)  circumferential. 
B)  interstitial. 
C)  appositional. 
D)  concentric. 
E)  oppositional.

Question 10

What effects can be attributed to increased pressure on a bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased osteoclast activity 
B)  increased osteoblast activity 
A)  increased osteoclast activity 
B)  increased osteoblast activity

Question 11

This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "B"?

Accepted Answer

A)  zone of calcification 
B)  zone of proliferation 
C)  zone of resting cartilage 
D)  bone of diaphysis 
E)  zone of hypertrophy 
A)  zone of calcification 
B)  zone of proliferation 
C)  zone of resting cartilage 
D)  bone of diaphysis 
E)  zone of hypertrophy

Question 12

What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  fibers 
B)  endosteum 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  epiphysis 
A)  fibers 
B)  endosteum 
C)  growth plate 
D)  medullary cavity 
E)  epiphysis

Question 13

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  periosteum - lines the medullary cavity 
B)  osteoblasts - break down bone tissue 
C)  osteoclasts - responsible for reabsorption 
D)  endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon 
E)  osteocytes - function in bone remodeling 
A)  periosteum - lines the medullary cavity 
B)  osteoblasts - break down bone tissue 
C)  osteoclasts - responsible for reabsorption 
D)  endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon 
E)  osteocytes - function in bone remodeling

Question 14

The application of small electrical charges to broken bones are sometimes used to enhance healing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  complicated fracture. 
B)  greenstick fracture. 
C)  dentate fracture. 
D)  hairline fracture. 
E)  spiral fracture. 
A)  complicated fracture. 
B)  greenstick fracture. 
C)  dentate fracture. 
D)  hairline fracture. 
E)  spiral fracture.

Question 16

In which type of bone are osteoblasts and osteoclasts present?

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact 
A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact

Question 17

Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are

Accepted Answer

A)  periosteum. 
B)  trabeculae. 
C)  lacunae. 
D)  lamellae. 
A)  periosteum. 
B)  trabeculae. 
C)  lacunae. 
D)  lamellae.

Question 18

Which type of bone cells have processes that lie in canaliculi?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteochondral progenitor cell

Question 19

What is the site of long bone growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  endosteum 
B)  epiphyseal plate 
C)  medullary cavity 
D)  periosteum 
E)  diaphysis 
A)  endosteum 
B)  epiphyseal plate 
C)  medullary cavity 
D)  periosteum 
E)  diaphysis

Question 20

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertrophy, proliferation, calcification, ossification, and remodeling. 
B)  hypertrophy, calcification, proliferation, cell death, ossification, and remodeling. 
C)  proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling. 
D)  calcification, hypertrophy, proliferation, ossification, cell death, and remodeling. 
E)  proliferation, hypertrophy, cell death, calcification, ossification, and remodeling. 
A)  hypertrophy, proliferation, calcification, ossification, and remodeling. 
B)  hypertrophy, calcification, proliferation, cell death, ossification, and remodeling. 
C)  proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling. 
D)  calcification, hypertrophy, proliferation, ossification, cell death, and remodeling. 
E)  proliferation, hypertrophy, cell death, calcification, ossification, and remodeling.

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

The application of pressure creates a slight electrical charge on osteoblasts.

Sixty-five year old Stephen has knee replacement surgery which requires a thin section of his distal femur to be removed. Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Woven bone

Haversian systems or osteons

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "E"?

The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is

What effects can be attributed to increased pressure on a bone?

This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "B"?

What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

Which of the following is correctly matched?

The application of small electrical charges to broken bones are sometimes used to enhance healing.

A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a(an)

In which type of bone are osteoblasts and osteoclasts present?

Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are

Which type of bone cells have processes that lie in canaliculi?

What is the site of long bone growth?

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

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Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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