Question 1

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

Accepted Answer

A)  trabeculae. 
B)  lamellae. 
C)  lacunae. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  canaliculi. 
A)  trabeculae. 
B)  lamellae. 
C)  lacunae. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  canaliculi.

Question 2

The stem cells of osteoclasts are

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  monocytes. 
D)  osteochondral progenitor cells. 
E)  osteoclasts. 
A)  osteocytes. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  monocytes. 
D)  osteochondral progenitor cells. 
E)  osteoclasts.

Question 3

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteocytes 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteons 
E)  matrix cells 
A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteocytes 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteons 
E)  matrix cells

Question 4

Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases osteoblast activity. 
B)  is associated with decreased osteoclast activity. 
C)  decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity. 
D)  decreases osteocyte activity. 
E)  has no effect on bone cells. 
A)  decreases osteoblast activity. 
B)  is associated with decreased osteoclast activity. 
C)  decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity. 
D)  decreases osteocyte activity. 
E)  has no effect on bone cells.

Question 5

Osteomalacia is

Accepted Answer

A)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
B)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
C)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
D)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
A)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
B)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
C)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
D)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.

Question 6

Which type of bone cells lie in lacunae?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteochondral progenitor cell

Question 7

What structure forms between the ends of a broken bone and also the marrow cavities?

Accepted Answer

A)  external callus 
B)  compact bone 
C)  internal callus 
D)  hematoma 
A)  external callus 
B)  compact bone 
C)  internal callus 
D)  hematoma

Question 8

In which of the following locations in a growing bone would the greatest osteoclast activity be found?

Accepted Answer

A)  articular cartilage 
B)  perichondrium 
C)  epiphyseal plate 
D)  epiphysis 
E)  medullary cavity 
A)  articular cartilage 
B)  perichondrium 
C)  epiphyseal plate 
D)  epiphysis 
E)  medullary cavity

Question 9

Osteoblasts involved in bone growth in length come primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  connective tissue surrounding blood vessels from the endosteum. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  endothelium of blood vessels. 
A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  connective tissue surrounding blood vessels from the endosteum. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  periosteum. 
E)  endothelium of blood vessels.

Question 10

How does the respiratory system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
B)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
C)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
D)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
E)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
A)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
B)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
C)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
D)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
E)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.

Question 11

The type of lamellae that forms the outside surface of compact bone is

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial. 
B)  circumferential. 
C)  appositional. 
D)  concentric. 
E)  oppositional. 
A)  interstitial. 
B)  circumferential. 
C)  appositional. 
D)  concentric. 
E)  oppositional.

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

Accepted Answer

A)  increased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
B)  PTH has no effect on RANKL and OPG. 
C)  increased RANKL and increased OPG. 
D)  decreased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
E)  decreased RANKL and increased OPG. 
A)  increased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
B)  PTH has no effect on RANKL and OPG. 
C)  increased RANKL and increased OPG. 
D)  decreased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
E)  decreased RANKL and increased OPG.

Question 13

The ethmoid and sphenoid bones are formed by ___________

Accepted Answer

A)  intramembranous ossification 
B)  endochondral ossification 
A)  intramembranous ossification 
B)  endochondral ossification

Question 14

Canaliculi are found in this type of bone tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  compact bone 
B)  both spongy and compact 
C)  spongy bone 
A)  compact bone 
B)  both spongy and compact 
C)  spongy bone

Question 15

The type of lamellae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial. 
B)  oppositional. 
C)  appositional. 
D)  circumferential. 
E)  concentric. 
A)  interstitial. 
B)  oppositional. 
C)  appositional. 
D)  circumferential. 
E)  concentric.

Question 16

Bone growth at the articular cartilage is responsible for bone growth of

Accepted Answer

A)  long bones. 
B)  only the cartilage. 
C)  flat bones. 
D)  short bones. 
E)  irregular bones. 
A)  long bones. 
B)  only the cartilage. 
C)  flat bones. 
D)  short bones. 
E)  irregular bones.

Question 17

Brittle bone disorder is another name for

Accepted Answer

A)  scurvy. 
B)  osteomyelitis. 
C)  osteoporosis. 
D)  osteomalacia. 
E)  osteogenesis imperfecta. 
A)  scurvy. 
B)  osteomyelitis. 
C)  osteoporosis. 
D)  osteomalacia. 
E)  osteogenesis imperfecta.

Question 18

How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis 
D)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
E)  blood clotting starts repair process 
A)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
B)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
C)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis 
D)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
E)  blood clotting starts repair process

Question 19

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  perichondrium 
B)  perimysium 
C)  periosteum 
D)  peritendineum 
E)  peritoneum 
A)  perichondrium 
B)  perimysium 
C)  periosteum 
D)  peritendineum 
E)  peritoneum

Question 20

Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteocytes 
A)  osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  osteoblasts 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteocytes

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

The stem cells of osteoclasts are

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

Calcitonin

Osteomalacia is

Which type of bone cells lie in lacunae?

What structure forms between the ends of a broken bone and also the marrow cavities?

In which of the following locations in a growing bone would the greatest osteoclast activity be found?

Osteoblasts involved in bone growth in length come primarily from

How does the respiratory system contribute to osteoporosis?

The type of lamellae that forms the outside surface of compact bone is

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

The ethmoid and sphenoid bones are formed by ___________

Canaliculi are found in this type of bone tissue.

The type of lamellae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is

Bone growth at the articular cartilage is responsible for bone growth of

Brittle bone disorder is another name for

How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?

Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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