Question 1

Functions of the complement system include

Accepted Answer

A) host defense against infection, such as chemotaxis. 
B) clearance of apoptotic cells. 
C) clearance of immune complexes from the tissues. 
D) All of the above. 
A) host defense against infection, such as chemotaxis. 
B) clearance of apoptotic cells. 
C) clearance of immune complexes from the tissues. 
D) All of the above. D

Question 2

-The activation of complement and the products formed during the complement cascade have a variety of physiologic and cellular consequences, including

Accepted Answer

A) enhanced phagocytosis of pathogens. 
B) activation of basophils and mast cells. 
C) removal of immune complexes. 
D) cell lysis. 
E) All of the above. 
A) enhanced phagocytosis of pathogens. 
B) activation of basophils and mast cells. 
C) removal of immune complexes. 
D) cell lysis. 
E) All of the above. E

Question 3

In innate immunity, cytokines stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and activate specialized effector cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.)
-C2

Accepted Answer

A) Acute-phase protein 
B) Most common complement deficiency 
C) Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon 
A) Acute-phase protein 
B) Most common complement deficiency 
C) Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 5

-The alternate complement pathway is activated by

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial exotoxins. 
B) viruses. 
C) antigen-antibody complexes. 
D) haptens. 
A) bacterial exotoxins. 
B) viruses. 
C) antigen-antibody complexes. 
D) haptens.

Question 6

Increased complement levels can be observed in

Accepted Answer

A) inflammatory conditions. 
B) excessive activation. 
C) genetic defects. 
D) Both B and C. 
A) inflammatory conditions. 
B) excessive activation. 
C) genetic defects. 
D) Both B and C.

Question 7

-The complement cascade reaches its full amplitude at the _________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) C1 
B) C3 
C) C4 
D) factor H. 
A) C1 
B) C3 
C) C4 
D) factor H.

Question 8

-The classic complement pathway is activated by

Accepted Answer

A) platelet factor 2. 
B) C3B. 
C) factor B. 
D) factor D. 
A) platelet factor 2. 
B) C3B. 
C) factor B. 
D) factor D.

Question 9

The measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used for all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring healing after acute myocardial infarction. 
B) monitoring drug therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 
C) predicting risk of myocardial infarction. 
D) diagnosis of viral septicemia. 
A) monitoring healing after acute myocardial infarction. 
B) monitoring drug therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 
C) predicting risk of myocardial infarction. 
D) diagnosis of viral septicemia.

Question 10

The alternate complement pathway is initiated

Accepted Answer

A) by formation of antigen-antibody reactions. 
B) as a nonantibody-initiated pathway. 
C) without C1, C4, and C2. 
D) Both B and C. 
A) by formation of antigen-antibody reactions. 
B) as a nonantibody-initiated pathway. 
C) without C1, C4, and C2. 
D) Both B and C.

Question 11

-The mannose-binding lectin pathway is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A) platelet factor B 
B) bacterial exotoxins. 
C) binding of MASP1 and MASP2 and another complex to arrays on the surface of a bacterial cell. 
D) antigen-antibody complexes. 
A) platelet factor B 
B) bacterial exotoxins. 
C) binding of MASP1 and MASP2 and another complex to arrays on the surface of a bacterial cell. 
D) antigen-antibody complexes.

Question 12

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.)
-C3

Accepted Answer

A) Acute-phase protein 
B) Most common complement deficiency 
C) Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon 
A) Acute-phase protein 
B) Most common complement deficiency 
C) Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 13

-The complement component found in all the pathways is

Accepted Answer

A) C1. 
B) C3. 
C) C4. 
D) factor H. 
A) C1. 
B) C3. 
C) C4. 
D) factor H.

Question 14

Cytokines are nonspecific in their chemical structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In adaptive immunity, cytokines mediate early inflammatory reactions to microbial organisms and stimulate adaptive immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following characteristics is representative of C-reactive protein (CRP)?

Accepted Answer

A) The first acute-phase reactant to become elevated 
B) Nonspecific indicator of inflammation 
C) Acute-phase reactant 
D) All of the above. 
A) The first acute-phase reactant to become elevated 
B) Nonspecific indicator of inflammation 
C) Acute-phase reactant 
D) All of the above.

Question 17

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.)
-C4

Accepted Answer

A) Acute-phase protein 
B) Most common complement deficiency 
C) Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon 
A) Acute-phase protein 
B) Most common complement deficiency 
C) Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 18

The membrane attack complex (MAC) is characterized by all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) MAC components are the same in the final common pathway of complement activation. 
B) C5-8 complex polymerizes C9 to form a tubule known as MAC. 
C) MAC allows for the influx of Na+ and H2O, which produces lysis. 
D) the complement cascade reaches full amplitude at this stage. 
A) MAC components are the same in the final common pathway of complement activation. 
B) C5-8 complex polymerizes C9 to form a tubule known as MAC. 
C) MAC allows for the influx of Na+ and H2O, which produces lysis. 
D) the complement cascade reaches full amplitude at this stage.

Question 19

Cytokines are also referred to as interleukins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Interferons

Accepted Answer

A) are the principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria. 
B) mediate interactions between leukocytes. 
C) mediate the early immune response to viral infections. 
D) stimulate cell differentiation. 
A) are the principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria. 
B) mediate interactions between leukocytes. 
C) mediate the early immune response to viral infections. 
D) stimulate cell differentiation.

Exam 5: Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Functions of the complement system include

-The activation of complement and the products formed during the complement cascade have a variety of physiologic and cellular consequences, including

In innate immunity, cytokines stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and activate specialized effector cells.

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.) -C2

-The alternate complement pathway is activated by

Increased complement levels can be observed in

-The complement cascade reaches its full amplitude at the _________ stage.

-The classic complement pathway is activated by

The measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used for all the following except:

The alternate complement pathway is initiated

-The mannose-binding lectin pathway is initiated by

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.) -C3

-The complement component found in all the pathways is

Cytokines are nonspecific in their chemical structure.

In adaptive immunity, cytokines mediate early inflammatory reactions to microbial organisms and stimulate adaptive immune responses.

Which of the following characteristics is representative of C-reactive protein (CRP)?

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.) -C4

The membrane attack complex (MAC) is characterized by all the following except:

Cytokines are also referred to as interleukins.

Interferons

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Rapid Testing

Precipitation and Particle Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Laboratory Techniques

Infectious Diseases: Traditional and Alternate Diagnostic Techniques

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Primary and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Autoimmune Diseases

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Transplantation: Hla, Solid Organ, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Tumor Immunology and Up-To-Date Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing

Primer on Vaccines

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