Question 1

Indicate which of the following responses is a unique finding in Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infections:

Accepted Answer

A) Percutaneous contact with blood from an HEV-infected patient. 
B) Infection takes place by the fecal-oral route, usually in poor sanitation conditions. 
C) Household contacts of HEV-infected individuals are often at risk. 
D) High seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors. 
A) Percutaneous contact with blood from an HEV-infected patient. 
B) Infection takes place by the fecal-oral route, usually in poor sanitation conditions. 
C) Household contacts of HEV-infected individuals are often at risk. 
D) High seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors. B

Question 2

Serologic evidence of Hepatitis D infection (HDV) includes which of the following positive findings in the patient's serum?

Accepted Answer

A) HDV antigen 
B) IgM or IgG HDV antibodies 
C) HBsAg 
D) All of the above. 
A) HDV antigen 
B) IgM or IgG HDV antibodies 
C) HBsAg 
D) All of the above. D

Question 3

Match the infection with the correct description.
-Hepatitis A virus infection

Accepted Answer

A) Long-incubation hepatitis. 
B) Infectious hepatitis or short-incubation hepatitis. 
A) Long-incubation hepatitis. 
B) Infectious hepatitis or short-incubation hepatitis. B

Question 4

A chronic carrier state (persistent infection) and chronic hepatitis (chronic liver disease) _______ occur as long-term sequelae of hepatitis A.

Accepted Answer

A) do 
B) do not 
A) do 
B) do not

Question 5

Hepatitis B vaccination should be administered in three doses over a span of _________.

Accepted Answer

A) 6 weeks 
B) 2 months 
C) 7 months 
D) 1 year 
A) 6 weeks 
B) 2 months 
C) 7 months 
D) 1 year

Question 6

Which hepatitis viruses have been scientifically identified as being spread by the transfusion of unscreened blood transfusion products?

Accepted Answer

A) Hepatitis A and hepatitis B 
B) Hepatitis A and hepatitis D 
C) Hepatitis B and hepatitis C 
D) Hepatitis A and hepatitis G 
A) Hepatitis A and hepatitis B 
B) Hepatitis A and hepatitis D 
C) Hepatitis B and hepatitis C 
D) Hepatitis A and hepatitis G

Question 7

Which of the following hepatitis viruses can result in chronic infection and the potential development of liver cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Hepatitis A 
B) Hepatitis B 
C) Hepatitis C 
D) Both B and C. 
A) Hepatitis A 
B) Hepatitis B 
C) Hepatitis C 
D) Both B and C.

Question 8

The hepatitis B serologic marker that yields a positive test result and is used as a benchmark for immunity after vaccination is

Accepted Answer

A) anti-HBc IgM. 
B) anti-HBc IgG. 
C) anti-HBe. 
D) anti-HBs. 
A) anti-HBc IgM. 
B) anti-HBc IgG. 
C) anti-HBe. 
D) anti-HBs.

Question 9

Match the hepatitis virus with the correct description (primary or secondary).
-Hepatitis C

Accepted Answer

A) Primary hepatitis virus 
B) Secondary hepatitis virus 
A) Primary hepatitis virus 
B) Secondary hepatitis virus

Question 10

The serologic markers in expected order of appearance in the serum of a patient with hepatitis B infection are

Accepted Answer

A) HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBeAb, and HBsAb. 
B) HBeAg, HBcAg, HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb. 
C) HBcAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBsAb, and HBsAg. 
D) HBcAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBsAg, and HBcAb. 
A) HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBeAb, and HBsAb. 
B) HBeAg, HBcAg, HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb. 
C) HBcAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBsAb, and HBsAg. 
D) HBcAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBsAg, and HBcAb.

Question 11

A patient with a known exposure to hepatitis B 3 weeks earlier has negative results for all markers when a hepatitis profile is performed, except for IgM anti-HBc. What is a possible reason for this result?

Accepted Answer

A) The wrong patient specimen was tested. 
B) A false-negative result was caused by a technical error. 
C) HBsAg was still too low in concentration to detect. 
D) Anti-HBs titer had already peaked and was no longer detectable. 
A) The wrong patient specimen was tested. 
B) A false-negative result was caused by a technical error. 
C) HBsAg was still too low in concentration to detect. 
D) Anti-HBs titer had already peaked and was no longer detectable.

Question 12

Match the hepatitis virus with the correct description (primary or secondary).
-Epstein-Barr virus

Accepted Answer

A) Primary hepatitis virus 
B) Secondary hepatitis virus 
A) Primary hepatitis virus 
B) Secondary hepatitis virus

Question 13

Match the virus with the appropriate description.
-Hepatitis B virus

Accepted Answer

A) Complex DNA virus. 
B) Small, RNA-containing picornavirus. 
C) Small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. 
A) Complex DNA virus. 
B) Small, RNA-containing picornavirus. 
C) Small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus.

Question 14

Which hepatitis B serologic marker is the classic first indication of a hepatitis B infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Anti-HBc 
B) Anti-HBe 
C) HBsAg 
D) HBcAg 
A) Anti-HBc 
B) Anti-HBe 
C) HBsAg 
D) HBcAg

Question 15

HBV vaccine is administered three times over a period of ________months.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 7 
D) 12 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 7 
D) 12

Question 16

Match the hepatitis virus with the correct description (primary or secondary).
-Hepatitis B

Accepted Answer

A) Primary hepatitis virus 
B) Secondary hepatitis virus 
A) Primary hepatitis virus 
B) Secondary hepatitis virus

Question 17

Who should receive the hepatitis A vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A) Homosexual men who are sexually active. 
B) All children under 1 year of age (12 to 23 months). 
C) Individuals traveling to areas endemic for hepatitis A. 
D) All of the above. 
A) Homosexual men who are sexually active. 
B) All children under 1 year of age (12 to 23 months). 
C) Individuals traveling to areas endemic for hepatitis A. 
D) All of the above.

Question 18

The most frequently identified hepatitis B low-level carriers have _________ in their serum.

Accepted Answer

A) anti-HBe 
B) anti-HBs 
C) anti-HBc IgM 
D) anti-HBc 
A) anti-HBe 
B) anti-HBs 
C) anti-HBc IgM 
D) anti-HBc

Question 19

Match the virus with the appropriate description.
-Hepatitis A virus

Accepted Answer

A) Complex DNA virus. 
B) Small, RNA-containing picornavirus. 
C) Small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. 
A) Complex DNA virus. 
B) Small, RNA-containing picornavirus. 
C) Small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus.

Question 20

Primary hepatitis viruses account for approximately ______% of cases of hepatitis.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 25 
C) 50 
D) 95 
A) 10 
B) 25 
C) 50 
D) 95

Exam 22: Viral Hepatitis

Indicate which of the following responses is a unique finding in Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infections:

Serologic evidence of Hepatitis D infection (HDV) includes which of the following positive findings in the patient's serum?

Match the infection with the correct description. -Hepatitis A virus infection

A chronic carrier state (persistent infection) and chronic hepatitis (chronic liver disease) _______ occur as long-term sequelae of hepatitis A.

Hepatitis B vaccination should be administered in three doses over a span of _________.

Which hepatitis viruses have been scientifically identified as being spread by the transfusion of unscreened blood transfusion products?

Which of the following hepatitis viruses can result in chronic infection and the potential development of liver cancer?

The hepatitis B serologic marker that yields a positive test result and is used as a benchmark for immunity after vaccination is

Match the hepatitis virus with the correct description (primary or secondary). -Hepatitis C

The serologic markers in expected order of appearance in the serum of a patient with hepatitis B infection are

A patient with a known exposure to hepatitis B 3 weeks earlier has negative results for all markers when a hepatitis profile is performed, except for IgM anti-HBc. What is a possible reason for this result?

Match the hepatitis virus with the correct description (primary or secondary). -Epstein-Barr virus

Match the virus with the appropriate description. -Hepatitis B virus

Which hepatitis B serologic marker is the classic first indication of a hepatitis B infection?

HBV vaccine is administered three times over a period of ________months.

Match the hepatitis virus with the correct description (primary or secondary). -Hepatitis B

Who should receive the hepatitis A vaccine?

The most frequently identified hepatitis B low-level carriers have _________ in their serum.

Match the virus with the appropriate description. -Hepatitis A virus

Primary hepatitis viruses account for approximately ______% of cases of hepatitis.

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Rapid Testing

Precipitation and Particle Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Laboratory Techniques

Infectious Diseases: Traditional and Alternate Diagnostic Techniques

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Primary and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Autoimmune Diseases

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Transplantation: Hla, Solid Organ, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Tumor Immunology and Up-To-Date Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing

Primer on Vaccines

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