Question 1

Streptolysin O is

Accepted Answer

A) nonantigenic. 
B) an oxygen-stable enzyme. 
C) the most frequently used serologic indicator of an antibody response to a recent streptococcal infection. 
D) detected by DNA analysis. 
A) nonantigenic. 
B) an oxygen-stable enzyme. 
C) the most frequently used serologic indicator of an antibody response to a recent streptococcal infection. 
D) detected by DNA analysis. C

Question 2

Match the substance with the correct description.
-Hyaluronidase

Accepted Answer

A) Is elaborated by scarlet fever-associated strains 
B) Also called "spreading factor" 
C) Dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin 
D) Four immunologically distinct forms 
A) Is elaborated by scarlet fever-associated strains 
B) Also called "spreading factor" 
C) Dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin 
D) Four immunologically distinct forms B

Question 3

Important consequences of an S. pyogenes infection include

Accepted Answer

A) acute rheumatic fever. 
B) poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. 
C) rheumatoid arthritis. 
D) Both A and B. 
A) acute rheumatic fever. 
B) poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. 
C) rheumatoid arthritis. 
D) Both A and B. D

Question 4

Serologic testing for S. pyogenes should compare acute and convalescent specimens collected ___________ apart.

Accepted Answer

A) 24 hours 
B) 72 hours 
C) 1 week 
D) 3 weeks 
A) 24 hours 
B) 72 hours 
C) 1 week 
D) 3 weeks

Question 5

Match each ASO titer situation to the appropriate description.
-Constant (low) titer

Accepted Answer

A) Current infection 
B) Past infection 
C) Trend toward recovery 
D) Rules out Streptococcus pyogenes infection 
A) Current infection 
B) Past infection 
C) Trend toward recovery 
D) Rules out Streptococcus pyogenes infection

Question 6

Streptolysin S is

Accepted Answer

A) antigenic. 
B) an oxygen-stable enzyme. 
C) the most frequently used serologic indicator of an antibody response to a recent streptococcal infection. 
D) detected by DNA analysis. 
A) antigenic. 
B) an oxygen-stable enzyme. 
C) the most frequently used serologic indicator of an antibody response to a recent streptococcal infection. 
D) detected by DNA analysis.

Question 7

The portal of entry of streptococci in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) cannot be determined in approximately ________ of cases.

Accepted Answer

A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 100% 
A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 100%

Question 8

Laboratory diagnosis of S. pyogenes can be made by

Accepted Answer

A) culturing of throat or nasal specimens. 
B) an ASO procedure. 
C) anti-DNase B (ADN-
B) . 
D) All of the above. 
A) culturing of throat or nasal specimens. 
B) an ASO procedure. 
C) anti-DNase B (ADN-
B) . 
D) All of the above.

Question 9

An elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer indicates

Accepted Answer

A) a chronic streptococcal infection. 
B) a relatively recent streptococcal infection. 
C) carditis of acute rheumatic fever within the past 24 hours. 
D) a response to a streptococcal infection within the past 48 hours. 
A) a chronic streptococcal infection. 
B) a relatively recent streptococcal infection. 
C) carditis of acute rheumatic fever within the past 24 hours. 
D) a response to a streptococcal infection within the past 48 hours.

Question 10

M protein contributes to S. pyogenes invasiveness because it

Accepted Answer

A) neutralizes complement. 
B) blocks antigen recognition. 
C) blocks an antibody response. 
D) impedes phagocytosis. 
A) neutralizes complement. 
B) blocks antigen recognition. 
C) blocks an antibody response. 
D) impedes phagocytosis.

Question 11

Match the substance with the correct description.
-Streptokinase

Accepted Answer

A) Is elaborated by scarlet fever-associated strains 
B) Also called "spreading factor" 
C) Dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin 
D) Four immunologically distinct forms 
A) Is elaborated by scarlet fever-associated strains 
B) Also called "spreading factor" 
C) Dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin 
D) Four immunologically distinct forms

Question 12

Most patients who have Streptococcus pyogenes infection begin to demonstrate a rise in antibody titer in

Accepted Answer

A) 2 days. 
B) 7 days. 
C) 14 days. 
D) 30 days. 
A) 2 days. 
B) 7 days. 
C) 14 days. 
D) 30 days.

Question 13

Members of the S. pyogenes species are almost always _____-hemolytic.

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) alpha or beta 
A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) alpha or beta

Question 14

A substance that could mediate the fever, shock, and tissue injury observed in patients with STSS is

Accepted Answer

A) antibody against antistreptolysin O (ASO). 
B) M protein. 
C) TNF-$\alpha$. 
D) lymphokine. 
A) antibody against antistreptolysin O (ASO). 
B) M protein. 
C) TNF-$\alpha$. 
D) lymphokine.

Question 15

Match the substance with the correct description.
-DNase

Accepted Answer

A) Is elaborated by scarlet fever-associated strains 
B) Also called "spreading factor" 
C) Dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin 
D) Four immunologically distinct forms 
A) Is elaborated by scarlet fever-associated strains 
B) Also called "spreading factor" 
C) Dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin 
D) Four immunologically distinct forms

Question 16

The principle of the optical immunoassay involves

Accepted Answer

A) anti-GAS (antibody) being attached (immobilized) to a thin film. 
B) S. pyogenes being attached (immobilized) to a thin film. 
C) a color change in the presence of antigen binding. 
D) a color change in the absence of antibody binding. 
A) anti-GAS (antibody) being attached (immobilized) to a thin film. 
B) S. pyogenes being attached (immobilized) to a thin film. 
C) a color change in the presence of antigen binding. 
D) a color change in the absence of antibody binding.

Question 17

The R antigen found on the fimbriae of pyogens

Accepted Answer

A) is structurally similar to the M antigen. 
B) is immunologically distinct from the M antigen. 
C) has no known biologic role. 
D) All of the above. 
A) is structurally similar to the M antigen. 
B) is immunologically distinct from the M antigen. 
C) has no known biologic role. 
D) All of the above.

Question 18

Match each ASO titer situation to the appropriate description.
-Rising titer

Accepted Answer

A) Current infection 
B) Past infection 
C) Trend toward recovery 
D) Rules out Streptococcus pyogenes infection 
A) Current infection 
B) Past infection 
C) Trend toward recovery 
D) Rules out Streptococcus pyogenes infection

Question 19

The case definition of STSS and necrotizing fasciitis includes

Accepted Answer

A) serologic confirmation of group A streptococcal infection by a fourfold rise against SLO. 
B) serologic confirmation of group A streptococcal infection by a fourfold rise against DNAse B. 
C) severe red rash. 
D) Both A and B. 
A) serologic confirmation of group A streptococcal infection by a fourfold rise against SLO. 
B) serologic confirmation of group A streptococcal infection by a fourfold rise against DNAse B. 
C) severe red rash. 
D) Both A and B.

Question 20

The classic antistreptolysin O (ASO) procedure has been replaced by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) optical immunoassay procedure. 
B) direct immunofluorescence. 
C) radioimmunoassay (RI
A) . 
D) Both A and B. 
A) optical immunoassay procedure. 
B) direct immunofluorescence. 
C) radioimmunoassay (RI
A) . 
D) Both A and B.

Exam 16: Streptococcal Infections

Streptolysin O is

Match the substance with the correct description. -Hyaluronidase

Important consequences of an S. pyogenes infection include

Serologic testing for S. pyogenes should compare acute and convalescent specimens collected ___________ apart.

Match each ASO titer situation to the appropriate description. -Constant (low) titer

Streptolysin S is

The portal of entry of streptococci in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) cannot be determined in approximately ________ of cases.

Laboratory diagnosis of S. pyogenes can be made by

An elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer indicates

M protein contributes to S. pyogenes invasiveness because it

Match the substance with the correct description. -Streptokinase

Most patients who have Streptococcus pyogenes infection begin to demonstrate a rise in antibody titer in

Members of the S. pyogenes species are almost always _____-hemolytic.

A substance that could mediate the fever, shock, and tissue injury observed in patients with STSS is

Match the substance with the correct description. -DNase

The principle of the optical immunoassay involves

The R antigen found on the fimbriae of pyogens

Match each ASO titer situation to the appropriate description. -Rising titer

The case definition of STSS and necrotizing fasciitis includes

The classic antistreptolysin O (ASO) procedure has been replaced by a(n)

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Rapid Testing

Precipitation and Particle Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Laboratory Techniques

Infectious Diseases: Traditional and Alternate Diagnostic Techniques

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Primary and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Autoimmune Diseases

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Transplantation: Hla, Solid Organ, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Tumor Immunology and Up-To-Date Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing

Primer on Vaccines

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