Question 1

Match the type of immunoglobulin with the optimal thermal range.
-IgM

Accepted Answer

A) 4 to 22$\degree$ C 
B) 18 to 22$\degree$ C 
C) 37$\degree$ C 
D) 56$\degree$ C 
A) 4 to 22$\degree$ C 
B) 18 to 22$\degree$ C 
C) 37$\degree$ C 
D) 56$\degree$ C A

Question 2

The strength of an agglutination reaction can be enhanced by

Accepted Answer

A) centrifugation. 
B) use of albumin. 
C) use of low ionic strength saline. 
D) All of the above. 
A) centrifugation. 
B) use of albumin. 
C) use of low ionic strength saline. 
D) All of the above. D

Question 3

Match the term with the appropriate description.
-Postzone phenomenon

Accepted Answer

A) The zone in which optimum precipitation occurs 
B) An excessive antibody concentration that produces a false-negative reaction 
C) An excessive antigen concentration that results in no lattice formation 
D) An equal amount of antigen and antibody concentrations 
A) The zone in which optimum precipitation occurs 
B) An excessive antibody concentration that produces a false-negative reaction 
C) An excessive antigen concentration that results in no lattice formation 
D) An equal amount of antigen and antibody concentrations C

Question 4

Match the following terms with the correct definition.
-Coagglutination

Accepted Answer

A) Uses antibodies bound to a particle to enhance the visibility of the reaction 
B) Based on the interaction of soluble antigen with antibody 
C) Detects antibodies with erythrocyte antigens 
A) Uses antibodies bound to a particle to enhance the visibility of the reaction 
B) Based on the interaction of soluble antigen with antibody 
C) Detects antibodies with erythrocyte antigens

Question 5

Precipitation is the term applied to

Accepted Answer

A) the aggregation of soluble test antigens. 
B) the aggregation of soluble test antibodies. 
C) Either A or B. 
D) the aggregation of particulate test antigens. 
A) the aggregation of soluble test antigens. 
B) the aggregation of soluble test antibodies. 
C) Either A or B. 
D) the aggregation of particulate test antigens.

Question 6

Anti-human globulin (AHG) is used to

Accepted Answer

A) substitute for a low titer of antibody. 
B) alter the configuration of an antigen. 
C) form cross-links between antibodies bound to the surface of erythrocytes. 
D) form cross-links between antigens bound to the surface of erythrocytes. 
A) substitute for a low titer of antibody. 
B) alter the configuration of an antigen. 
C) form cross-links between antibodies bound to the surface of erythrocytes. 
D) form cross-links between antigens bound to the surface of erythrocytes.

Question 7

In a group A patient's reverse serum testing, the cells and serum agglutinate because

Accepted Answer

A) group A antigen is present on the patient's erythrocytes. 
B) group A antigen is present in the patient's serum. 
C) anti-group A is present in the patient's serum. 
D) Both A and C. 
A) group A antigen is present on the patient's erythrocytes. 
B) group A antigen is present in the patient's serum. 
C) anti-group A is present in the patient's serum. 
D) Both A and C.

Question 8

Cryoglobulin analysis can be useful in the diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

A) hypothermia. 
B) Raynaud's phenomenon. 
C) infectious hepatitis. 
D) rheumatoid arthritis. 
A) hypothermia. 
B) Raynaud's phenomenon. 
C) infectious hepatitis. 
D) rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 9

Nephelometry can be used to assay all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) IgM. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgD. 
D) IgA. 
A) IgM. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgD. 
D) IgA.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding measurements of turbidity?

Accepted Answer

A) Light is scattered at a determined angle. 
B) It is unaffected by large particles precipitating out of a solution. 
C) The reference value is recorded in units of relative light scatter. 
D) It represents the scattered light in forward direction. 
A) Light is scattered at a determined angle. 
B) It is unaffected by large particles precipitating out of a solution. 
C) The reference value is recorded in units of relative light scatter. 
D) It represents the scattered light in forward direction.

Question 11

The first phase of agglutination represents

Accepted Answer

A) physical attachment of antibody molecules to antigens on the erythrocytic membrane. 
B) physical attachment of antigens to antibody molecules on the erythrocytic membrane. 
C) a reversible chemical reaction. 
D) Both A and C. 
A) physical attachment of antibody molecules to antigens on the erythrocytic membrane. 
B) physical attachment of antigens to antibody molecules on the erythrocytic membrane. 
C) a reversible chemical reaction. 
D) Both A and C.

Question 12

The definition of the term agglutination is the

Accepted Answer

A) visible expression of the aggregation of antigens and antibodies. 
B) formation of a framework in which antigen particles or molecules alternate with antibody molecules. 
C) term used to describe the aggregation of particulate test antigens. 
D) All of the above. 
A) visible expression of the aggregation of antigens and antibodies. 
B) formation of a framework in which antigen particles or molecules alternate with antibody molecules. 
C) term used to describe the aggregation of particulate test antigens. 
D) All of the above.

Question 13

Latex particles act as ______________________ in nephelometry.

Accepted Answer

A) antigen-coated reaction intensifiers 
B) antigen-coated reaction stabilizers of precipitate 
C) sensitivity enhancers 
D) color reaction intensifiers 
A) antigen-coated reaction intensifiers 
B) antigen-coated reaction stabilizers of precipitate 
C) sensitivity enhancers 
D) color reaction intensifiers

Question 14

The quality of agglutination or precipitation test results depends on

Accepted Answer

A) length of incubation with the serum containing antibody. 
B) amount of antigen conjugated to the carrier. 
C) pH. 
D) All of the above. 
A) length of incubation with the serum containing antibody. 
B) amount of antigen conjugated to the carrier. 
C) pH. 
D) All of the above.

Question 15

The most efficient type of antibodies in agglutination reactions are

Accepted Answer

A) IgM. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgD. 
D) IgE. 
A) IgM. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgD. 
D) IgE.

Question 16

Match the following terms with the correct definition.
-Flocculation

Accepted Answer

A) Uses antibodies bound to a particle to enhance the visibility of the reaction 
B) Based on the interaction of soluble antigen with antibody 
C) Detects antibodies with erythrocyte antigens 
A) Uses antibodies bound to a particle to enhance the visibility of the reaction 
B) Based on the interaction of soluble antigen with antibody 
C) Detects antibodies with erythrocyte antigens

Question 17

Match the cause of a false-negative agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure.  
-Prozone phenomenon

Accepted Answer

A) Dilute patient's serum and retest. 
B) Wash cells according to directions; use positive and negative quality control (Q
C)  steps. 
C) Repeat blood specimen should be collected a week or more later. 
D) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time. 
A) Dilute patient's serum and retest. 
B) Wash cells according to directions; use positive and negative quality control (Q
C)  steps. 
C) Repeat blood specimen should be collected a week or more later. 
D) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time.

Question 18

An artificial carrier could be

Accepted Answer

A) latex particles. 
B) colloidal charcoal. 
C) erythrocytes coated with antigen. 
D) Both A and B. 
A) latex particles. 
B) colloidal charcoal. 
C) erythrocytes coated with antigen. 
D) Both A and B.

Question 19

Monoclonal cryoglobulins are most often

Accepted Answer

A) IgM. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgA. 
D) Either A or B. 
A) IgM. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgA. 
D) Either A or B.

Question 20

A fundamental prerequisite for nephelometric protein quantitation is the

Accepted Answer

A) dissolution of large protein molecules. 
B) formation of a macromolecular complex. 
C) pH of the solution. 
D) ionic strength of the solution. 
A) dissolution of large protein molecules. 
B) formation of a macromolecular complex. 
C) pH of the solution. 
D) ionic strength of the solution.

Exam 10: Precipitation and Particle Agglutination Methods

Match the type of immunoglobulin with the optimal thermal range. -IgM

The strength of an agglutination reaction can be enhanced by

Match the term with the appropriate description. -Postzone phenomenon

Match the following terms with the correct definition. -Coagglutination

Precipitation is the term applied to

Anti-human globulin (AHG) is used to

In a group A patient's reverse serum testing, the cells and serum agglutinate because

Cryoglobulin analysis can be useful in the diagnosis of

Nephelometry can be used to assay all the following except:

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding measurements of turbidity?

The first phase of agglutination represents

The definition of the term agglutination is the

Latex particles act as ______________________ in nephelometry.

The quality of agglutination or precipitation test results depends on

The most efficient type of antibodies in agglutination reactions are

Match the following terms with the correct definition. -Flocculation

Match the cause of a false-negative agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure. -Prozone phenomenon

An artificial carrier could be

Monoclonal cryoglobulins are most often

A fundamental prerequisite for nephelometric protein quantitation is the

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Rapid Testing

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Laboratory Techniques

Infectious Diseases: Traditional and Alternate Diagnostic Techniques

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Primary and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Autoimmune Diseases

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Transplantation: Hla, Solid Organ, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Tumor Immunology and Up-To-Date Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing

Primer on Vaccines

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