Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure. The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed -sympathetic activity to the afferent arterioles of the nephrons

The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.

What is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

Which statement is correct for salt balance in humans?

Renal regulation of salt is the primary means of achieving salt balance.

The major source of H⁺ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO₂.

When the body becomes dehydrated (H₂O deficit),both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

The phosphate buffer system serves as an important urinary buffer.

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure. The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed -amount of H₂O reabsorbed

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -depends primarily on Na⁺ balance

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -the body fluids have a lower concentration of solutes than normal

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H₂O than an isotonic solution.

Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. -If a patient has extensive pneumonia,what would be the patient's PCO₂ before compensation occurs?

Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in the blood ____________________.

Acidosis leads to the ____________________ secretion of H⁺ in the urine.

The kidneys secrete additional H⁺ and conserve HCO₃- to compensate for increased H⁺ concentration in the body fluids.

Intracellular fluid is divided into two compartments,the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure. The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed -angiotensin I and II production