Question 1

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a change in pH that...

Question 2

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-amount of Na⁺ excreted

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 3

H⁺ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-compensated metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal

Question 5

Why would eating a very salty snack make you thirsty?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would cause decreased ECF volume. 
B)  It would decrease the osmolarity of the ECF. 
C)  It would inhibit the hypothalamic osmoreceptors. 
D)  It would stimulate the hypothalamic osmoreceptors. 
A)  It would cause decreased ECF volume. 
B)  It would decrease the osmolarity of the ECF. 
C)  It would inhibit the hypothalamic osmoreceptors. 
D)  It would stimulate the hypothalamic osmoreceptors.

Question 6

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The volume of the ICF will decrease. 
B)  The volume of the ECF will decrease. 
C)  The ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
D)  Osmolarities of the ICF and ECF will drop. 
A)  The volume of the ICF will decrease. 
B)  The volume of the ECF will decrease. 
C)  The ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
D)  Osmolarities of the ICF and ECF will drop.

Question 7

____________________ are too large to pass through the pores in the capillary and enter the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ are too large to pass through...

Question 8

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When an isotonic fluid is injected into the ECF compartment,it changes volume by ____________________ in size.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an isotonic fluid is injected into...

Question 10

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  control of intake through thirst 
B)  control of sweating 
C)  control of output through regulation of urine production by the kidney 
D)  oral metering 
A)  control of intake through thirst 
B)  control of sweating 
C)  control of output through regulation of urine production by the kidney 
D)  oral metering

Question 11

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The blood plasma and ____________________ make up...

Question 13

What is the barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  the blood vessel walls 
B)  the plasma membrane 
C)  transports materials between these two fluid compartments by both passive and active means 
D)  the transcellular membrane 
A)  the blood vessel walls 
B)  the plasma membrane 
C)  transports materials between these two fluid compartments by both passive and active means 
D)  the transcellular membrane

Question 14

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

If the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] is 20/2,what is the situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B)  uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
C)  uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
D)  uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
A)  uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B)  uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
C)  uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
D)  uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 16

Normally,the major source of H⁺ in the body is from the formation of sulfuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulfate and phosphate groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The two important urinary buffers are filtered phosphate buffers and secreted ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two important urinary buffers are filtered...

Question 18

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing...

Question 19

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-amount of Na⁺ and H₂O filtered

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 20

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

H⁺ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -compensated metabolic acidosis

Why would eating a very salty snack make you thirsty?

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed?

____________________ are too large to pass through the pores in the capillary and enter the interstitial fluid.

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

When an isotonic fluid is injected into the ECF compartment,it changes volume by ____________________ in size.

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

What is the barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid?

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

If the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] is 20/2,what is the situation?

Normally,the major source of H⁺ in the body is from the formation of sulfuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulfate and phosphate groups.

The two important urinary buffers are filtered phosphate buffers and secreted ____________________.

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -uncompensated respiratory acidosis

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

H⁺ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -compensated metabolic acidosis

Why would eating a very salty snack make you thirsty?

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed?

____________________ are too large to pass through the pores in the capillary and enter the interstitial fluid.

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

When an isotonic fluid is injected into the ECF compartment,it changes volume by ____________________ in size.

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

What is the barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid?

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

If the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] is 20/2,what is the situation?

Normally,the major source of H⁺ in the body is from the formation of sulfuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulfate and phosphate groups.

The two important urinary buffers are filtered phosphate buffers and secreted ____________________.

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -uncompensated respiratory acidosis

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters