Question 1

Which constitutes the largest percentage of body weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  H2O 
C)  Na+ 
D)  carbohydrate 
A)  protein 
B)  H2O 
C)  Na+ 
D)  carbohydrate

Question 2

Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride 
C)  potassium ion 
D)  sodium ion 
A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride 
C)  potassium ion 
D)  sodium ion

Question 4

Alkalosis eventually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Salt concentration in the body varies markedly between individuals depending on how much salt they consume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The pH of venous blood is usually about ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pH of venous blood is usually...

Question 8

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration

Question 9

The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

plasma mem

Question 10

The ____________________ are the group of molecules that are the most plentiful buffers in the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ are the group of molecules...

Question 11

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code:
-10/1

Accepted Answer

A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 12

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal

Question 13

The amount of Na⁺ filtered is controlled by regulating the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of Na⁺ filtered is controlled...

Question 14

What happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both ECF and ICF become more dilute. 
B)  Osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  The osmolarity of the ECF drops. 
D)  There is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
A)  Both ECF and ICF become more dilute. 
B)  Osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  The osmolarity of the ECF drops. 
D)  There is an increase in the volume of the ICF.

Question 15

A pH of ____________________ is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is ____________________.The pH range compatible with life is ____________________ to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pH of ____________________ is considered to...

Question 16

The third line of defence will be the renal mechanism of pH control.Which of the following statements of the renal compensations will NOT occur in response to this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3- excretion will increase. 
B)  H+ excretion will increase. 
C)  NH3 secretion is likely to occur. 
A)  HCO3- excretion will increase. 
B)  H+ excretion will increase. 
C)  NH3 secretion is likely to occur.

Question 17

The first line of defence against this change in [H⁺] is the chemical buffer systems.Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate buffer system 
B)  NH4+: NH3 buffer system 
C)  protein buffer system 
D)  haemoglobin buffer system 
A)  phosphate buffer system 
B)  NH4+: NH3 buffer system 
C)  protein buffer system 
D)  haemoglobin buffer system

Question 18

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ _____ minus the amount of Na⁺ _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  filtered, reabsorbed 
B)  ingested, filtered 
C)  ingested, metabolically consumed 
D)  ingested, placed in storage 
A)  filtered, reabsorbed 
B)  ingested, filtered 
C)  ingested, metabolically consumed 
D)  ingested, placed in storage

Question 20

Which statement concerning normal blood pH is not True?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is slightly basic. 
B)  It is slightly alkaline. 
C)  It falls between 7.35 and 7.45. 
A)  It is slightly basic. 
B)  It is slightly alkaline. 
C)  It falls between 7.35 and 7.45.

Which constitutes the largest percentage of body weight?

Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.

What is the primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?

Alkalosis eventually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Salt concentration in the body varies markedly between individuals depending on how much salt they consume.

Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

The pH of venous blood is usually about ____________________.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism

The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

The ____________________ are the group of molecules that are the most plentiful buffers in the body.

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code: -10/1

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

The amount of Na⁺ filtered is controlled by regulating the ____________________.

What happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?

A pH of is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is .The pH range compatible with life is to .

The third line of defence will be the renal mechanism of pH control.Which of the following statements of the renal compensations will NOT occur in response to this condition?

The first line of defence against this change in [H⁺] is the chemical buffer systems.Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ _ minus the amount of Na⁺ _.

Which statement concerning normal blood pH is not True?

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

Which constitutes the largest percentage of body weight?

Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.

What is the primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?

Alkalosis eventually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Salt concentration in the body varies markedly between individuals depending on how much salt they consume.

Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

The pH of venous blood is usually about ____________________.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism

The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

The ____________________ are the group of molecules that are the most plentiful buffers in the body.

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code: -10/1

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

The amount of Na⁺ filtered is controlled by regulating the ____________________.

What happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?

A pH of ____________________ is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is ____________________.The pH range compatible with life is ____________________ to ____________________.

The third line of defence will be the renal mechanism of pH control.Which of the following statements of the renal compensations will NOT occur in response to this condition?

The first line of defence against this change in [H⁺] is the chemical buffer systems.Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ _____ minus the amount of Na⁺ _____.

Which statement concerning normal blood pH is not True?

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

A pH of is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is .The pH range compatible with life is to .

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ _ minus the amount of Na⁺ _.