Question 1

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which statement concerning hypotonicity of the body fluids is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotonicity can occur as a result of diabetes insipidus. 
B)  Hypotonicity occurs when excess free H2O is present. 
C)  Drowsiness, headache, confusion, lethargy, weakness, and edema are symptoms associated with hypotonicity. 
D)  cells become swollen. 
A)  Hypotonicity can occur as a result of diabetes insipidus. 
B)  Hypotonicity occurs when excess free H2O is present. 
C)  Drowsiness, headache, confusion, lethargy, weakness, and edema are symptoms associated with hypotonicity. 
D)  cells become swollen.

Question 3

Vomiting of gastric contents ________________

Accepted Answer

A)  can lead to dehydration 
B)  can cause metabolic alkalosis 
C)  can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic acidosis 
D)  can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic alkalosis 
A)  can lead to dehydration 
B)  can cause metabolic alkalosis 
C)  can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic acidosis 
D)  can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-aldosterone secretion

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 5

Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired.
-As a consequence of this change in PCO₂,what would be the patient's [H⁺] ?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased 
B)  increased 
C)  normal 
A)  decreased 
B)  increased 
C)  normal

Question 6

An increased secretion of H ions in the kidney has the greatest direct effect on the tubular secretion of which type of ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium 
A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium

Question 7

Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the...

Question 8

The main reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is to prevent fluid shifts from occurring between the ICF and ECF.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Given the following logarithms,what would be the pH? log of 20 = 1.3
Log of 40 = 1.6
Log of 10 = 1.0
PK = 6.1

Accepted Answer

A)  pH = 7.7 
B)  pH = 7.4 
C)  pH = 7.1 
D)  none of these answers 
A)  pH = 7.7 
B)  pH = 7.4 
C)  pH = 7.1 
D)  none of these answers

Question 10

What is the major source of water loss from the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  insensible respiratory loss 
B)  insensible skin loss 
C)  sweat 
D)  urine 
A)  insensible respiratory loss 
B)  insensible skin loss 
C)  sweat 
D)  urine

Question 11

What is the main control for salt balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  control of salt intake 
B)  control of salt output in the sweat 
C)  control of salt output in the feces 
D)  control of salt output in the urine 
A)  control of salt intake 
B)  control of salt output in the sweat 
C)  control of salt output in the feces 
D)  control of salt output in the urine

Question 12

What is variation in percentage of body water among individuals primarily due to? __________

Accepted Answer

A)  differences in amount of adipose tissue 
B)  differences in total muscle mass 
C)  differences in vasopressin secretion 
D)  differences in drinking habits 
A)  differences in amount of adipose tissue 
B)  differences in total muscle mass 
C)  differences in vasopressin secretion 
D)  differences in drinking habits

Question 13

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction,one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What happens if an individual becomes dehydrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased facultative reabsorption of water occurs. 
B)  Urinary output increases. 
C)  Vasopressin secretion is decreased. 
D)  The ECF osmolarity becomes hypotonic. 
A)  Increased facultative reabsorption of water occurs. 
B)  Urinary output increases. 
C)  Vasopressin secretion is decreased. 
D)  The ECF osmolarity becomes hypotonic.

Question 15

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B)  to maintain adequate urine formation 
C)  to maintain proper blood pressure 
D)  to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking 
A)  to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B)  to maintain adequate urine formation 
C)  to maintain proper blood pressure 
D)  to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking

Question 16

A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of two compounds that resist changes in the pH.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of...

Question 17

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-renin secretion

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 18

Which acid would be considered a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.05 
B)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.10 
C)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.47 
D)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.99 
A)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.05 
B)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.10 
C)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.47 
D)  one with a dissociation constant (K) = 0.99

Question 19

The force responsible for movement of H₂O between the ECF and ICF is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

osmotic pr

Question 20

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs such as NaHCO₃

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Which statement concerning hypotonicity of the body fluids is INCORRECT?

Vomiting of gastric contents ________________

Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. -As a consequence of this change in PCO₂,what would be the patient's [H⁺] ?

An increased secretion of H ions in the kidney has the greatest direct effect on the tubular secretion of which type of ions?

Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

The main reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is to prevent fluid shifts from occurring between the ICF and ECF.

Given the following logarithms,what would be the pH? log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6 Log of 10 = 1.0 PK = 6.1

What is the major source of water loss from the body?

What is the main control for salt balance?

What is variation in percentage of body water among individuals primarily due to? __________

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction,one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

What happens if an individual becomes dehydrated?

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of two compounds that resist changes in the pH.

Which acid would be considered a strong acid?

The force responsible for movement of H₂O between the ECF and ICF is ____________________.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs such as NaHCO₃

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

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Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Which statement concerning hypotonicity of the body fluids is INCORRECT?

Vomiting of gastric contents ________________

Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. -As a consequence of this change in PCO₂,what would be the patient's [H⁺] ?

An increased secretion of H ions in the kidney has the greatest direct effect on the tubular secretion of which type of ions?

Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

The main reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is to prevent fluid shifts from occurring between the ICF and ECF.

Given the following logarithms,what would be the pH? log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6 Log of 10 = 1.0 PK = 6.1

What is the major source of water loss from the body?

What is the main control for salt balance?

What is variation in percentage of body water among individuals primarily due to? __________

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction,one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

What happens if an individual becomes dehydrated?

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of two compounds that resist changes in the pH.

Which acid would be considered a strong acid?

The force responsible for movement of H₂O between the ECF and ICF is ____________________.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs such as NaHCO₃

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters