Question 1

Common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin,parched tongue,and sunken eyeballs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-pneumonia

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-urinary volume

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 4

What is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance of salt balance 
B)  maintenance of water balance 
C)  the baroreceptor reflex 
D)  fluid shifts between the interstitial fluid and plasma 
A)  maintenance of salt balance 
B)  maintenance of water balance 
C)  the baroreceptor reflex 
D)  fluid shifts between the interstitial fluid and plasma

Question 5

What is the amount of Na⁺ filtered equal to?

Accepted Answer

A)  CMO ?6? GRF 
B)  plasma concentration ?6? CMO 
C)  plasma concentration ?6? GRF 
D)  urine output ?6? CMO 
A)  CMO ?6? GRF 
B)  plasma concentration ?6? CMO 
C)  plasma concentration ?6? GRF 
D)  urine output ?6? CMO

Question 6

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code:
-20/2

Accepted Answer

A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 7

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The true internal environment is the ____________________....

Question 8

Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells change in size by ____________________ when...

Question 9

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A(n)____________________ is a substance that combines with H⁺ and removes them from solution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)____________________ is a substance that combines with...

Question 11

The ICF contains about how much of the total water of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/10 
B)  ¼ 
C)  ½ 
D)  2/3 
A)  1/10 
B)  ¼ 
C)  ½ 
D)  2/3

Question 12

Which statement concerning chemical buffer systems is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free H+ and one that can bind with free H+. 
B)  A chemical buffer system minimizes changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added to or removed from the solution. 
C)  Buffers respond to pH changes in three minutes. 
D)  A buffer system cannot actually eliminate hydrogen ions from the body. 
A)  A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free H+ and one that can bind with free H+. 
B)  A chemical buffer system minimizes changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added to or removed from the solution. 
C)  Buffers respond to pH changes in three minutes. 
D)  A buffer system cannot actually eliminate hydrogen ions from the body.

Question 13

Which statement about acids is INCORRECT ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are acidic. 
B)  HCl is one example. 
C)  They can be strong or weak. 
D)  They dissociate to produce anions. 
A)  Carbohydrates are acidic. 
B)  HCl is one example. 
C)  They can be strong or weak. 
D)  They dissociate to produce anions.

Question 14

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH₃ ____________________________

Accepted Answer

A)  when the urinary pH becomes too high. 
B)  when the body is in a state of alkalosis. 
C)  to buffer the acid phosphate excreted in the urine. 
D)  to enable further renal secretion of H+. 
A)  when the urinary pH becomes too high. 
B)  when the body is in a state of alkalosis. 
C)  to buffer the acid phosphate excreted in the urine. 
D)  to enable further renal secretion of H+.

Question 15

The secretion of H⁺ by the tubular cells of the kidney is influenced by the gas ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The secretion of H⁺ by the tubular...

Question 16

The thirst centre is closely related to or perhaps identical to the cells that secrete vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The quantity of any particular substance in the ECF is considered to be a readily available internal ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The quantity of any particular substance in...

Question 18

Which statement concerning chemical buffer systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  They respond in one to three minutes to changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  They stimulate the respiratory centre when acidosis is present. 
C)  They promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present. 
D)  They buffer changes in acid or base levels. 
A)  They respond in one to three minutes to changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  They stimulate the respiratory centre when acidosis is present. 
C)  They promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present. 
D)  They buffer changes in acid or base levels.

Question 19

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-compensated metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal

Question 20

Which statement concerning pH is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is equal to log 1/[H+]. 
B)  It is equal to pK + log [HCO3-]/[CO2]. 
C)  It is high when acidosis is present. 
A)  It is equal to log 1/[H+]. 
B)  It is equal to pK + log [HCO3-]/[CO2]. 
C)  It is high when acidosis is present.

Common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin,parched tongue,and sunken eyeballs.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -pneumonia

What is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume?

What is the amount of Na⁺ filtered equal to?

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code: -20/2

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

A(n)____________________ is a substance that combines with H⁺ and removes them from solution.

The ICF contains about how much of the total water of the body?

Which statement concerning chemical buffer systems is INCORRECT?

Which statement about acids is INCORRECT ?

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH₃ ____________________________

The secretion of H⁺ by the tubular cells of the kidney is influenced by the gas ____________________.

The thirst centre is closely related to or perhaps identical to the cells that secrete vasopressin.

The quantity of any particular substance in the ECF is considered to be a readily available internal ____________________.

Which statement concerning chemical buffer systems is correct?

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -compensated metabolic alkalosis

Which statement concerning pH is NOT true?

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

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Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

Common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin,parched tongue,and sunken eyeballs.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -pneumonia

What is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume?

What is the amount of Na⁺ filtered equal to?

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code: -20/2

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

A(n)____________________ is a substance that combines with H⁺ and removes them from solution.

The ICF contains about how much of the total water of the body?

Which statement concerning chemical buffer systems is INCORRECT?

Which statement about acids is INCORRECT ?

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH₃ ____________________________

The secretion of H⁺ by the tubular cells of the kidney is influenced by the gas ____________________.

The thirst centre is closely related to or perhaps identical to the cells that secrete vasopressin.

The quantity of any particular substance in the ECF is considered to be a readily available internal ____________________.

Which statement concerning chemical buffer systems is correct?

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -compensated metabolic alkalosis

Which statement concerning pH is NOT true?

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters