Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

A chemical buffer system enables a solution to resist a marked change in pH upon addition or loss of acid or base.

Which condition would be a cause of metabolic acidosis?

What is the primary buffer system in the ECF?

Match the buffer system with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -important urinary buffer

The total load of ____________________ determines the total amount of water that will be retained in the ECF by osmosis.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -occurs with heavy vomiting

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratio listed by using the answer code: -20/0.5

Which statement concerning osmolarity is correct?

Insensible H₂O loss includes water lost as a result of metabolic reactions within the cells.

The pH of arterial blood is lower than the pH of venous blood.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -depends primarily on H₂O balance

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure. The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed -calibre of the afferent arterioles

Acidosis changes the rate and depth of breathing by ____________________ it.

Match the buffer system with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -buffers H⁺ generated from carbonic acid

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -uremia

Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too acidic.

Water is the most abundant component of the body,making up over 95 percent of body weight.

Fluid consumption is influenced by other factors in addition to the thirst mechanism involving osmoreceptors.

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors are nearest to which of the following?