Question 1

The attractive aspect of the _____ is that it does away with any reference to an internal state of fear, the existence of which has to be inferred.

Accepted Answer

A)  two-process theory of avoidance 
B)  latent inhibition effect 
C)  anxiety conservation hypothesis 
D)  one-process theory of avoidance 
A)  two-process theory of avoidance 
B)  latent inhibition effect 
C)  anxiety conservation hypothesis 
D)  one-process theory of avoidance

Question 2

Lack of control seems to be the critical factor involved in _____, while lack of predictability is the critical factor involved in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned suppression; conditioned avoidance 
B)  conditioned avoidance; conditioned suppression 
C)  learned helplessness; experimental neurosis 
D)  experimental neurosis; learned helplessness 
A)  conditioned suppression; conditioned avoidance 
B)  conditioned avoidance; conditioned suppression 
C)  learned helplessness; experimental neurosis 
D)  experimental neurosis; learned helplessness

Question 3

How can two-process theory account for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Accepted Answer

The two-process theory can account for o

Question 4

Which type of consequence serves to motivate escape behavior and avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Positive punishment 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Negative punishment 
A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Positive punishment 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Negative punishment

Question 5

In a shuttle avoidance procedure involving the stimuli of a tone and a shock, the _____ serves as the SD for the _____ response.

Accepted Answer

A)  shock; avoidance 
B)  tone; escape 
C)  tone; avoidance 
D)  avoidance response; escape 
A)  shock; avoidance 
B)  tone; escape 
C)  tone; avoidance 
D)  avoidance response; escape

Question 6

Skinner's experiment utilized a relatively weak form of punishment: a device that slapped a rat on the paw when it attempted to press a lever. Subsequent research revealed that _____ forms of punishment are capable of suppressing behavior for _____ periods of time.

Accepted Answer

A)  weak; long 
B)  time-out; short 
C)  more intense; much longer 
D)  less intense; much longer 
A)  weak; long 
B)  time-out; short 
C)  more intense; much longer 
D)  less intense; much longer

Question 7

Bob was struck by lightning one day in the park. Later, while recuperating in the hospital, he was suddenly assaulted by the patient in the next bed (who was having a psychotic reaction to all the drugs he had been given). After these incidents, Bob had trouble sleeping and often had nightmares. He also began avoiding both parks and hospitals and displayed an irrational fear of both places. Based on this information, Bob is likely to be suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  multiple personality disorder. 
C)  posttraumatic stress disorder. 
D)  experimental neurosis. 
A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  multiple personality disorder. 
C)  posttraumatic stress disorder. 
D)  experimental neurosis.

Question 8

Eating rotten food is an _____ event; getting a traffic fine for speeding is an _____ event.

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsically punishing; intrinsically punishing 
B)  intrinsically punishing; extrinsically punishing 
C)  extrinsically punishing; extrinsically punishing 
D)  intrinsically punishing; intrinsically punishing 
A)  extrinsically punishing; intrinsically punishing 
B)  intrinsically punishing; extrinsically punishing 
C)  extrinsically punishing; extrinsically punishing 
D)  intrinsically punishing; intrinsically punishing

Question 9

On a cognitive level, people with OCD generally fail to realize that:

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusive thoughts are uncommon and abnormal. 
B)  some thoughts are essentially respondents that are automatically elicited by certain stimuli. 
C)  obsessive thoughts are operants that require forceful elicitation by stimuli. 
D)  they constantly avoid responsibility for their behavior. 
A)  intrusive thoughts are uncommon and abnormal. 
B)  some thoughts are essentially respondents that are automatically elicited by certain stimuli. 
C)  obsessive thoughts are operants that require forceful elicitation by stimuli. 
D)  they constantly avoid responsibility for their behavior.

Question 10

Solitary confinement in prison, to the extent that it is effective, is an extreme example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  response cost 
B)  time-out 
C)  positive  reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement 
A)  response cost 
B)  time-out 
C)  positive  reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 11

Which of the following is most likely to precede  a continuous tendency to continually wash one's hands?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repressed memories of abuse 
B)  A stressful divorce 
C)  A puppy accidentally defecating on one's hands 
D)  A sudden fright 
A)  Repressed memories of abuse 
B)  A stressful divorce 
C)  A puppy accidentally defecating on one's hands 
D)  A sudden fright

Question 12

Primary punishers are also called _____, and secondary punishers are also called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned punishers; conditioned punishers 
B)  generalized punishers; conditioned punishers 
C)  unconditioned punishers; generalized punishers 
D)  conditioned punishers; unconditioned punishers 
A)  unconditioned punishers; conditioned punishers 
B)  generalized punishers; conditioned punishers 
C)  unconditioned punishers; generalized punishers 
D)  conditioned punishers; unconditioned punishers

Question 13

An increase in social behavior resulting from punishment is most likely to be due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the activation of an innate tendency in humans to become more sociable. 
B)  the disruption of an ongoing state of agitation. 
C)  the suppression of dangerous behavior along with sociable behavior. 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
A)  the activation of an innate tendency in humans to become more sociable. 
B)  the disruption of an ongoing state of agitation. 
C)  the suppression of dangerous behavior along with sociable behavior. 
D)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 14

In the context of OCD, which of the following is incongruent with the two-process theory of avoidance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patients display late rather than early avoidance. 
B)  Patients display early rather than later avoidance. 
C)  OCD is usually initiated by a clear instance of classical conditioning. 
D)  Patients usually cannot recall a particular conditioning event that led to the obsession. 
A)  Patients display late rather than early avoidance. 
B)  Patients display early rather than later avoidance. 
C)  OCD is usually initiated by a clear instance of classical conditioning. 
D)  Patients usually cannot recall a particular conditioning event that led to the obsession.

Question 15

The term _____ refers to a decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental neurosis 
B)  learned optimism 
C)  posttraumatic stress disorder 
D)  learned helplessness 
A)  experimental neurosis 
B)  learned optimism 
C)  posttraumatic stress disorder 
D)  learned helplessness

Question 16

One difficulty with the two-process theory of avoidance is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance responses are difficult to extinguish. 
B)  avoidance responses extinguish very quickly. 
C)  escape responses are difficult to extinguish. 
D)  escape responses extinguish very quickly. 
A)  avoidance responses are difficult to extinguish. 
B)  avoidance responses extinguish very quickly. 
C)  escape responses are difficult to extinguish. 
D)  escape responses extinguish very quickly.

Question 17

A problem with the use of punishment is that the punishment is typically:

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed. 
B)  intermittent. 
C)  intense enough to suppress the target behavior. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  delayed. 
B)  intermittent. 
C)  intense enough to suppress the target behavior. 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 18

The second process in Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning of a fear response. 
B)  classical conditioning of an approach response. 
C)  negative punishment resulting from the reduction of fear. 
D)  negative reinforcement resulting from the reduction of fear. 
A)  classical conditioning of a fear response. 
B)  classical conditioning of an approach response. 
C)  negative punishment resulting from the reduction of fear. 
D)  negative reinforcement resulting from the reduction of fear.

Question 19

What is the distinction between extrinsic punishment and intrinsic punishment?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic punishment and intrinsic punis

Question 20

According to the Premack principle of punishment, which of the following constitutes a contingency of punishment for a person who is likely to watch TV and unlikely to clean the bathroom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Watching TV -> cleaning the bathroom 
B)  Cleaning the bathroom -> watching TV 
C)  Watching TV less than 30 minutes per day 
D)  Cleaning the bathroom once a week 
A)  Watching TV -> cleaning the bathroom 
B)  Cleaning the bathroom -> watching TV 
C)  Watching TV less than 30 minutes per day 
D)  Cleaning the bathroom once a week

The attractive aspect of the _____ is that it does away with any reference to an internal state of fear, the existence of which has to be inferred.

Lack of control seems to be the critical factor involved in _, while lack of predictability is the critical factor involved in _.

How can two-process theory account for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Which type of consequence serves to motivate escape behavior and avoidance behavior?

In a shuttle avoidance procedure involving the stimuli of a tone and a shock, the _ serves as the S^D for the _ response.

Skinner's experiment utilized a relatively weak form of punishment: a device that slapped a rat on the paw when it attempted to press a lever. Subsequent research revealed that _ forms of punishment are capable of suppressing behavior for _ periods of time.

Eating rotten food is an _ event; getting a traffic fine for speeding is an _ event.

On a cognitive level, people with OCD generally fail to realize that:

Solitary confinement in prison, to the extent that it is effective, is an extreme example of _____.

Which of the following is most likely to precede a continuous tendency to continually wash one's hands?

Primary punishers are also called _, and secondary punishers are also called _.

An increase in social behavior resulting from punishment is most likely to be due to:

In the context of OCD, which of the following is incongruent with the two-process theory of avoidance?

The term _____ refers to a decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events.

One difficulty with the two-process theory of avoidance is that:

A problem with the use of punishment is that the punishment is typically:

The second process in Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance involves:

What is the distinction between extrinsic punishment and intrinsic punishment?

According to the Premack principle of punishment, which of the following constitutes a contingency of punishment for a person who is likely to watch TV and unlikely to clean the bathroom?

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 9: Escape Avoidance and Punishment

The attractive aspect of the _____ is that it does away with any reference to an internal state of fear, the existence of which has to be inferred.

Lack of control seems to be the critical factor involved in _____, while lack of predictability is the critical factor involved in _____.

How can two-process theory account for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Which type of consequence serves to motivate escape behavior and avoidance behavior?

In a shuttle avoidance procedure involving the stimuli of a tone and a shock, the _____ serves as the SD for the _____ response.

Skinner's experiment utilized a relatively weak form of punishment: a device that slapped a rat on the paw when it attempted to press a lever. Subsequent research revealed that _____ forms of punishment are capable of suppressing behavior for _____ periods of time.

Eating rotten food is an _____ event; getting a traffic fine for speeding is an _____ event.

On a cognitive level, people with OCD generally fail to realize that:

Solitary confinement in prison, to the extent that it is effective, is an extreme example of _____.

Which of the following is most likely to precede a continuous tendency to continually wash one's hands?

Primary punishers are also called _____, and secondary punishers are also called _____.

An increase in social behavior resulting from punishment is most likely to be due to:

In the context of OCD, which of the following is incongruent with the two-process theory of avoidance?

The term _____ refers to a decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events.

One difficulty with the two-process theory of avoidance is that:

A problem with the use of punishment is that the punishment is typically:

The second process in Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance involves:

What is the distinction between extrinsic punishment and intrinsic punishment?

According to the Premack principle of punishment, which of the following constitutes a contingency of punishment for a person who is likely to watch TV and unlikely to clean the bathroom?

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Lack of control seems to be the critical factor involved in _, while lack of predictability is the critical factor involved in _.

In a shuttle avoidance procedure involving the stimuli of a tone and a shock, the _ serves as the S^D for the _ response.

Skinner's experiment utilized a relatively weak form of punishment: a device that slapped a rat on the paw when it attempted to press a lever. Subsequent research revealed that _ forms of punishment are capable of suppressing behavior for _ periods of time.

Eating rotten food is an _ event; getting a traffic fine for speeding is an _ event.

Primary punishers are also called _, and secondary punishers are also called _.