Exam 9: Escape Avoidance and Punishment

One problem with punishing a child for being disruptive is that it will likely have a(n) _________ effect in suppressing the behavior, which then serves as a strong _________ reinforcer for the use of punishment.

Distinguish between time-out and response cost procedures.

According to the posttraumatic model of dissociative identity disorder (DID), an abused child can more easily cope with everyday life by usually forgetting about the abusive incidents and by pretending that the abuse is happening to someone else. In behavioral terms, this self-deception can be conceptualized as a type of covert:

Arthur owns a restaurant in a neighborhood controlled by organized crime. Local merchants often pay "protection" money to gang members in order to avoid risking their businesses. When a gang representative comes to Arthur's restaurant at the beginning of every month, Arthur hands over an envelope full of cash and has a pleasant conversation with the gang member. By Arthur's actions, it would appear as if he has no fear and yet continues to pay money to the gang. What would Levis (1989) suggest about Arthur's apparent nonchalance?

Joanne's favorite hat was taken away from her by her parents because she was being disobedient. As a result, she was never again disobedient to her parents. This scenario is an example of

Behaviorists have traditionally viewed multiple personalities as distinct patterns of behavior that result in response to:

Both negative punishment and _____ involve the removal of reinforcers and result in a decrease in the strength of a behavior.

In a shuttle avoidance procedure involving the stimuli of a tone and a shock, the _____ serves as the SD for the _____ response.

Janice has OCD. She is bothered by thoughts that she has left her apartment door unlocked. This thought pattern is best classified as :

Describe Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance.

In the Seligman and Maier (1967) experiment, the dogs that made no effort to avoid shock were those that had been exposed to:

For a person who truly regards money as the root of all evil, accepting a bribe would likely function as a(n) _____ punisher.

In general, obsessions and compulsions have _____ effects on anxiety.

Ideally, a time-out procedure should be:

According to Levis (1989), seemingly nonchalant animals who continue to avoid the aversive stimulus are:

Nicole is taking a class that makes her very frustrated. She and her classmates say that they cannot get good grades no matter what they study or how they study. They argue that they are unable to answer questions in a way that satisfies their instructor. They feel like they have tried everything within their power to increase their grades but are getting nowhere. This situation best illustrates the concept of _____ and will likely urge the students to _____.

Which of the following treatment procedures is effective in the treatment of OCD?

According to the Premack approach to punishment, a(n) _____ behavior can be used to punish a(n) _____ behavior.

No longer getting a cookie is to _____ as removal of a cookie is to _____.

Levis's answer to the problem that the "nonchalant" animal poses for the two-process theory of avoidance is that: