Question 1

Which of the following would be the typical sequence of stimuli in a shuttle avoidance procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presentation of a shock is followed by the sound of a tone. 
B)  The sound of a tone is followed by the offset of a shock. 
C)  The sound of a tone is followed by the presentation of a shock. 
D)  The offset of a shock is followed by the sound of a tone. 
A)  The presentation of a shock is followed by the sound of a tone. 
B)  The sound of a tone is followed by the offset of a shock. 
C)  The sound of a tone is followed by the presentation of a shock. 
D)  The offset of a shock is followed by the sound of a tone.

Question 2

You live on a desert island and there is a hurricane coming. After refusing to ride on the hurricane evacuation boat, being  stranded on a desert island is most similar to:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment. 
B)  response cost. 
C)  time-out. 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
A)  negative punishment. 
B)  response cost. 
C)  time-out. 
D)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 3

The symptoms of experimental neurosis that Masserman discovered included:

Accepted Answer

A)  normally active cats becoming agitated. 
B)  normally quiet cats remaining passive and withdrawn. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  normally active cats becoming agitated. 
B)  normally quiet cats remaining passive and withdrawn. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 4

Stampfl's procedure focuses on the fact that people with phobias typically make the _____ early in the chain of events leading up to the feared stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance response 
B)  escape response 
C)  appetitive response 
D)  species-specific defense reaction 
A)  avoidance response 
B)  escape response 
C)  appetitive response 
D)  species-specific defense reaction

Question 5

Describe the conditioned suppression theory of punishment.

Accepted Answer

The conditioned suppression theory of pu

Question 6

Allen, who was bullied as a child, feels anxious whenever he sees a gang of teenagers walking toward him. As a result, he usually crosses the street so that he does not have to walk past them. This example best illustrates the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Premack principle 
B)  two-process theory of avoidance 
C)  latent inhibition effect 
D)  species-specific defense reaction theory 
A)  Premack principle 
B)  two-process theory of avoidance 
C)  latent inhibition effect 
D)  species-specific defense reaction theory

Question 7

Losing your wallet by being careless is an example of a(n) _________ punisher, while getting a shock by being careless is an example of a(n) _________ punisher (assuming in each case that the behavior of carelessness subsequently _________ in frequency).

Accepted Answer

negative;

Question 8

Marla was severely chastised as a result of behaving in an aggressive manner toward her classmates. Which of the following is likely to result from this event?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anger 
B)  Improvements in mood 
C)  Improvements in social behavior 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Anger 
B)  Improvements in mood 
C)  Improvements in social behavior 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 9

According to the conditioned suppression theory of punishment, punishment does not weaken a behavior but instead:

Accepted Answer

A)  produces an emotional response that interferes with its occurrence. 
B)  produces a strong suppression of emotions. 
C)  results in strong inhibitory conditioning. 
D)  weakens other similar behaviors. 
A)  produces an emotional response that interferes with its occurrence. 
B)  produces a strong suppression of emotions. 
C)  results in strong inhibitory conditioning. 
D)  weakens other similar behaviors.

Question 10

Donna has a fear of wasps and refuses to go to the park in the summer when wasps are most numerous. Which critical factor in the maintenance of phobic behavior does this scenario illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Reducing the likelihood of encountering the CS 
C)  Increasing the effort of avoiding the feared event 
D)  Intermittent negative reinforcement 
A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Reducing the likelihood of encountering the CS 
C)  Increasing the effort of avoiding the feared event 
D)  Intermittent negative reinforcement

Question 11

Identify a true statement about punishment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ideally, it should be intermittent in nature. 
B)  It is most effective as its intensity gradually increases. 
C)  It is the least effective when accompanied by an explanation. 
D)  Ideally, it should be immediate rather than delayed. 
A)  Ideally, it should be intermittent in nature. 
B)  It is most effective as its intensity gradually increases. 
C)  It is the least effective when accompanied by an explanation. 
D)  Ideally, it should be immediate rather than delayed.

Question 12

What is the distinction between a primary punisher and a secondary punisher? What is a generalized punisher?

Accepted Answer

A primary punisher is a stimulus that is

Question 13

Side effects of punishment can sometimes include:

Accepted Answer

A)  improvements in mood. 
B)  enhanced social behavior. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  improvements in mood. 
B)  enhanced social behavior. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 14

Andrea works in a home for adults with behavioral and mental disorders. There is a "marble system" that is used to reinforce and punish the behavior of the residents. Green marbles are given for good behavior; red marbles are given for problem behavior and are associated with various consequences. The residents do not like to get red marbles. In this scenario, the red marbles are examples of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary punishers 
B)  extrinsic punishers 
C)  generalized punishers 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  secondary punishers 
B)  extrinsic punishers 
C)  generalized punishers 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 15

What is the anxiety conservation hypothesis? Outline Levis' answer to the problem of the "nonchalant" rat.

Accepted Answer

The anxiety conservation hypothesis sugg

Question 16

Experimental avoidance typically requires at least a few pairings of the _____ and the US before avoidance has been reliably established.

Accepted Answer

A)  NS 
B)  CS 
C)  CR 
D)  UR 
A)  NS 
B)  CS 
C)  CR 
D)  UR

Question 17

Making a child sit in a corner for being too noisy is an attempted _____ procedure, while turning off the television for being too noisy is an attempted _____ procedure.

Accepted Answer

A)  response cost; time-out 
B)  time-out; response cost 
C)  negative punishment; positive punishment 
D)  positive punishment; negative punishment 
A)  response cost; time-out 
B)  time-out; response cost 
C)  negative punishment; positive punishment 
D)  positive punishment; negative punishment

Question 18

When the frequency of a behavior declines because performing the behavior no longer leads to something, the process involved is called

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment. 
B)  positive punishment. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  negative punishment. 
B)  positive punishment. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 19

Unlike intermittent reinforcement, punishment has the strongest effect on behavior when it is:

Accepted Answer

A)  suppressed . 
B)  delayed. 
C)  delivered continuously. 
D)  delivered intermittently. 
A)  suppressed . 
B)  delayed. 
C)  delivered continuously. 
D)  delivered intermittently.

Question 20

Evidence that shaping might sometimes be involved in the development of dissociative identity disorder (DID) includes the fact that as therapy progresses:

Accepted Answer

A)  alter personalities become integrated with each other 
B)  the number of alter personalities displayed by patients usually decreases 
C)  patients becomes more adept at switching from one alter to another 
D)  alter personalities become more similar to one another 
A)  alter personalities become integrated with each other 
B)  the number of alter personalities displayed by patients usually decreases 
C)  patients becomes more adept at switching from one alter to another 
D)  alter personalities become more similar to one another

Which of the following would be the typical sequence of stimuli in a shuttle avoidance procedure?

You live on a desert island and there is a hurricane coming. After refusing to ride on the hurricane evacuation boat, being stranded on a desert island is most similar to:

The symptoms of experimental neurosis that Masserman discovered included:

Stampfl's procedure focuses on the fact that people with phobias typically make the _____ early in the chain of events leading up to the feared stimulus.

Describe the conditioned suppression theory of punishment.

Allen, who was bullied as a child, feels anxious whenever he sees a gang of teenagers walking toward him. As a result, he usually crosses the street so that he does not have to walk past them. This example best illustrates the _____.

Losing your wallet by being careless is an example of a(n) _____ punisher, while getting a shock by being careless is an example of a(n) _ punisher (assuming in each case that the behavior of carelessness subsequently _____ in frequency).

Marla was severely chastised as a result of behaving in an aggressive manner toward her classmates. Which of the following is likely to result from this event?

According to the conditioned suppression theory of punishment, punishment does not weaken a behavior but instead:

Donna has a fear of wasps and refuses to go to the park in the summer when wasps are most numerous. Which critical factor in the maintenance of phobic behavior does this scenario illustrate?

Identify a true statement about punishment.

What is the distinction between a primary punisher and a secondary punisher? What is a generalized punisher?

Side effects of punishment can sometimes include:

What is the anxiety conservation hypothesis? Outline Levis' answer to the problem of the "nonchalant" rat.

Experimental avoidance typically requires at least a few pairings of the _____ and the US before avoidance has been reliably established.

Making a child sit in a corner for being too noisy is an attempted _ procedure, while turning off the television for being too noisy is an attempted _ procedure.

When the frequency of a behavior declines because performing the behavior no longer leads to something, the process involved is called

Unlike intermittent reinforcement, punishment has the strongest effect on behavior when it is:

Evidence that shaping might sometimes be involved in the development of dissociative identity disorder (DID) includes the fact that as therapy progresses:

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 9: Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Which of the following would be the typical sequence of stimuli in a shuttle avoidance procedure?

You live on a desert island and there is a hurricane coming. After refusing to ride on the hurricane evacuation boat, being stranded on a desert island is most similar to:

The symptoms of experimental neurosis that Masserman discovered included:

Stampfl's procedure focuses on the fact that people with phobias typically make the _____ early in the chain of events leading up to the feared stimulus.

Describe the conditioned suppression theory of punishment.

Allen, who was bullied as a child, feels anxious whenever he sees a gang of teenagers walking toward him. As a result, he usually crosses the street so that he does not have to walk past them. This example best illustrates the _____.

Losing your wallet by being careless is an example of a(n) _________ punisher, while getting a shock by being careless is an example of a(n) _________ punisher (assuming in each case that the behavior of carelessness subsequently _________ in frequency).

Marla was severely chastised as a result of behaving in an aggressive manner toward her classmates. Which of the following is likely to result from this event?

According to the conditioned suppression theory of punishment, punishment does not weaken a behavior but instead:

Donna has a fear of wasps and refuses to go to the park in the summer when wasps are most numerous. Which critical factor in the maintenance of phobic behavior does this scenario illustrate?

Identify a true statement about punishment.

What is the distinction between a primary punisher and a secondary punisher? What is a generalized punisher?

Side effects of punishment can sometimes include:

What is the anxiety conservation hypothesis? Outline Levis' answer to the problem of the "nonchalant" rat.

Experimental avoidance typically requires at least a few pairings of the _____ and the US before avoidance has been reliably established.

Making a child sit in a corner for being too noisy is an attempted _____ procedure, while turning off the television for being too noisy is an attempted _____ procedure.

When the frequency of a behavior declines because performing the behavior no longer leads to something, the process involved is called

Unlike intermittent reinforcement, punishment has the strongest effect on behavior when it is:

Evidence that shaping might sometimes be involved in the development of dissociative identity disorder (DID) includes the fact that as therapy progresses:

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Losing your wallet by being careless is an example of a(n) _____ punisher, while getting a shock by being careless is an example of a(n) _ punisher (assuming in each case that the behavior of carelessness subsequently _____ in frequency).

Making a child sit in a corner for being too noisy is an attempted _ procedure, while turning off the television for being too noisy is an attempted _ procedure.