Question 1

Which ends of eukaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends. 
A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends.

Question 2

How do enhancers differ from promoters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhancers do not bind RNA polymerase. 
B)  Enhancers include the UP element. 
C)  Enhancers bind the sigma ( σ ) factor. 
D)  There is no difference; these terms are synonymous. 
A)  Enhancers do not bind RNA polymerase. 
B)  Enhancers include the UP element. 
C)  Enhancers bind the sigma ( σ ) factor. 
D)  There is no difference; these terms are synonymous.

Question 3

The enzyme principally responsible for RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli

Accepted Answer

A)  is a multisubunit enzyme 
B)  consists of a single polypeptide chain 
C)  requires Mn2+ for activity 
D)  requires a DNA primer 
A)  is a multisubunit enzyme 
B)  consists of a single polypeptide chain 
C)  requires Mn2+ for activity 
D)  requires a DNA primer

Question 4

What is the need for a primer in transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  It ensures the fidelity of the newly synthesized RNA strand. 
B)  There is none. 
C)  RNA polymerases requires a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 3' − OH. 
D)  RNA polymerase requires a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 5' − OH. 
A)  It ensures the fidelity of the newly synthesized RNA strand. 
B)  There is none. 
C)  RNA polymerases requires a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 3' − OH. 
D)  RNA polymerase requires a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 5' − OH.

Question 5

General transcription activation in eukaryotes requires

Accepted Answer

A)  a specific enhancer common to all genes 
B)  a specific silencer common to all genes 
C)  a protein called Mediator 
D)  a CREB binding protein 
E)  none of these 
A)  a specific enhancer common to all genes 
B)  a specific silencer common to all genes 
C)  a protein called Mediator 
D)  a CREB binding protein 
E)  none of these

Question 6

Which enzyme transcribes genes encoding tRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase I 
B)  RNA polymerase II 
C)  RNA polymerase III 
D)  Different tRNAs are transcribed by different RNA polymerases. 
A)  RNA polymerase I 
B)  RNA polymerase II 
C)  RNA polymerase III 
D)  Different tRNAs are transcribed by different RNA polymerases.

Question 7

Polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all. 
A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all.

Question 8

Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

Accepted Answer

A)  can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene. 
B)  dictate the direction that RNA Polymerase proceeds from the promoter. 
C)  dictate whether sigma ( σ ) factor is required. 
D)  never occur. 
E)  have no effect on transcription 
A)  can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene. 
B)  dictate the direction that RNA Polymerase proceeds from the promoter. 
C)  dictate whether sigma ( σ ) factor is required. 
D)  never occur. 
E)  have no effect on transcription

Question 9

Splicing reactions for exons involve the following mechanisms, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  Small nuclear RNAs 
B)  Ribozymes 
C)  Lariat mechanisms 
D)  Participation of special G residues 
E)  All of these are involved in splicing reactions 
A)  Small nuclear RNAs 
B)  Ribozymes 
C)  Lariat mechanisms 
D)  Participation of special G residues 
E)  All of these are involved in splicing reactions

Question 10

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases, is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are 3 different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes, instead of just one. 
B)  Eukaryotic polymerases have the same number of subunits as prokaryotic ones. 
C)  Only prokaryotic polymerases use sigma factor. 
D)  The enzymatic mechanism is the same for both types of organisms. 
A)  There are 3 different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes, instead of just one. 
B)  Eukaryotic polymerases have the same number of subunits as prokaryotic ones. 
C)  Only prokaryotic polymerases use sigma factor. 
D)  The enzymatic mechanism is the same for both types of organisms.

Question 11

Which of the following is true concerning the first nucleotide incorporated into an RNA chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first nucleotide incorporated into the RNA chain retains its 5'-triphosphate 
B)  The first nucleotide is always GMP 
C)  The first nucleotide is always cleaved off post-transcriptionally 
D)  The first nucleotide is always modified after transcription 
A)  The first nucleotide incorporated into the RNA chain retains its 5'-triphosphate 
B)  The first nucleotide is always GMP 
C)  The first nucleotide is always cleaved off post-transcriptionally 
D)  The first nucleotide is always modified after transcription

Question 12

Phosphorylation of the CTD of RNA polymerase II occurs during which phase of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  initial binding to the promoter 
B)  conversion from the closed complex to the open complex 
C)  termination of transcription 
D)  None of these 
A)  initial binding to the promoter 
B)  conversion from the closed complex to the open complex 
C)  termination of transcription 
D)  None of these

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between RNA & DNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerases usually do not need a template, while DNA polymerases do. 
B)  DNA polymerases usually require a primer (i.e., they can only continue a strand, not start one), while most RNA polymerases do not. 
C)  RNA polymerases usually synthesize introns, while DNA polymerases synthesize cistrons. 
D)  RNA polymerases polymerize 5' → 3', while DNA polymerases polymerize 3' → 5'. 
E)  None of these 
A)  RNA polymerases usually do not need a template, while DNA polymerases do. 
B)  DNA polymerases usually require a primer (i.e., they can only continue a strand, not start one), while most RNA polymerases do not. 
C)  RNA polymerases usually synthesize introns, while DNA polymerases synthesize cistrons. 
D)  RNA polymerases polymerize 5' → 3', while DNA polymerases polymerize 3' → 5'. 
E)  None of these

Question 14

In prokaryotic RNA synthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of incorporation of nucleotides is constant throughout the elongation process 
B)  the ρ (rho) protein is always required for termination 
C)  a unique series of three bases leads to termination 
D)  inverted-repeat sequences in the DNA being transcribed can lead to termination 
A)  the rate of incorporation of nucleotides is constant throughout the elongation process 
B)  the ρ (rho) protein is always required for termination 
C)  a unique series of three bases leads to termination 
D)  inverted-repeat sequences in the DNA being transcribed can lead to termination

Question 15

DNA binding domains are distinct from transcription-activation domains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

​ Identify the part of the RNA polymerase that constitutes the operator and the promoter and modulates the production of proteins whose amino acid sequence is specified by the structural genes under their control.

Accepted Answer

A)  Transcription start site 
B)  Termination site 
C)  Control site 
D)  Restriction site 
A)  Transcription start site 
B)  Termination site 
C)  Control site 
D)  Restriction site

Question 17

How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since eukaryotic RNA polymerases are more complex, little homology has been found between the actual protein sequences in the catalytic subunits. 
B)  Since eukaryotic transcription is less complex than in prokaryotes, monomeric RNA polymerases are used. 
C)  Despite their added complexity, eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are generally homologous. 
D)  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are virtually identical. 
A)  Since eukaryotic RNA polymerases are more complex, little homology has been found between the actual protein sequences in the catalytic subunits. 
B)  Since eukaryotic transcription is less complex than in prokaryotes, monomeric RNA polymerases are used. 
C)  Despite their added complexity, eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are generally homologous. 
D)  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are virtually identical.

Question 18

CREB contains the following structural motif:

Accepted Answer

A)  Helix-turn-helix 
B)  β− barrel 
C)  Zinc finger 
D)  Leucine zipper 
A)  Helix-turn-helix 
B)  β− barrel 
C)  Zinc finger 
D)  Leucine zipper

Question 19

Inducers for operons are often structurally related to the enzyme substrates of that operon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Proteins that recognize DNA with specific base sequences are

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to bind to the major groove. 
B)  more likely to bind to the minor groove. 
C)  equally likely to bind to the major or minor grooves. 
D)  never occur. 
A)  more likely to bind to the major groove. 
B)  more likely to bind to the minor groove. 
C)  equally likely to bind to the major or minor grooves. 
D)  never occur.

Exam 11: Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Which ends of eukaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

How do enhancers differ from promoters?

The enzyme principally responsible for RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli

What is the need for a primer in transcription?

General transcription activation in eukaryotes requires

Which enzyme transcribes genes encoding tRNA in eukaryotes?

Polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNA

Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

Splicing reactions for exons involve the following mechanisms, except :

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases, is false ?

Which of the following is true concerning the first nucleotide incorporated into an RNA chain?

Phosphorylation of the CTD of RNA polymerase II occurs during which phase of transcription?

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between RNA & DNA polymerases?

In prokaryotic RNA synthesis

DNA binding domains are distinct from transcription-activation domains.

​ Identify the part of the RNA polymerase that constitutes the operator and the promoter and modulates the production of proteins whose amino acid sequence is specified by the structural genes under their control.

How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases compare?

CREB contains the following structural motif:

Inducers for operons are often structurally related to the enzyme substrates of that operon.

Proteins that recognize DNA with specific base sequences are

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

Filters

Identify the part of the RNA polymerase that constitutes the operator and the promoter and modulates the production of proteins whose amino acid sequence is specified by the structural genes under their control.