Question 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolite activator protein (CAP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a positive regulator of the lac operon 
B)  when the cell has sufficient glucose and lactose, CAP will not be bound to the CAP binding site 
C)  CAP binding near the promoter site depends on CAP complexation with cAMP 
D)  the binding of CAP to DNA requires ATP hydrolysis 
A)  it is a positive regulator of the lac operon 
B)  when the cell has sufficient glucose and lactose, CAP will not be bound to the CAP binding site 
C)  CAP binding near the promoter site depends on CAP complexation with cAMP 
D)  the binding of CAP to DNA requires ATP hydrolysis

Question 2

Intracellular levels of cyclic AMP can affect the phosphorylation of proteins and enzymes as a secondary messenger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which ends of prokaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends. 
A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends.

Question 4

Attenuation mechanisms rely on alternative secondary structures forming in the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Initiation of transcription in eukaryotes is primarily controlled

Accepted Answer

A)  by two transcription factors 
B)  by keeping the TATA-binding protein physically separated from other transcription factors 
C)  by the order of binding of TFIIA and TFIIB 
D)  in the formation of the preinitiation complex 
A)  by two transcription factors 
B)  by keeping the TATA-binding protein physically separated from other transcription factors 
C)  by the order of binding of TFIIA and TFIIB 
D)  in the formation of the preinitiation complex

Question 6

Which of following statements concerning RNA transcription is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DNA strands become separated during synthesis. 
B)  Synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of DNA 
C)  The template strand is read in the 3' → 5' direction. 
D)  All 4 ribonucleotides are required. 
E)  A primer is required for RNA synthesis 
A)  The DNA strands become separated during synthesis. 
B)  Synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of DNA 
C)  The template strand is read in the 3' → 5' direction. 
D)  All 4 ribonucleotides are required. 
E)  A primer is required for RNA synthesis

Question 7

All of the following apply to attenuation mechanisms, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  They are used most often for operons for amino acid synthesis. 
B)  They involve the synthesis of proteins in the regulation of RNA synthesis. 
C)  The rate of RNA synthesis is regulated by the conformation of the protein being synthesized. 
D)  They require the presence of partially completed mRNA molecules. 
E)  All of these apply to attenuation mechanisms. 
A)  They are used most often for operons for amino acid synthesis. 
B)  They involve the synthesis of proteins in the regulation of RNA synthesis. 
C)  The rate of RNA synthesis is regulated by the conformation of the protein being synthesized. 
D)  They require the presence of partially completed mRNA molecules. 
E)  All of these apply to attenuation mechanisms.

Question 8

Capping of eukaryotic mRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all. 
A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all.

Question 9

Which of the following is not part of the core promoter?

Accepted Answer

A)  the transcription start site 
B)  the Pribnow box ( − 10 region) 
C)  the − 35 region 
D)  the UP element 
A)  the transcription start site 
B)  the Pribnow box ( − 10 region) 
C)  the − 35 region 
D)  the UP element

Question 10

Consensus sequences are

Accepted Answer

A)  sequences that are invariant throughout the DNA. 
B)  sequences required for transcription to occur 
C)  sequences that have many bases in common 
D)  sequences that lie far upstream of the core promoter. 
A)  sequences that are invariant throughout the DNA. 
B)  sequences required for transcription to occur 
C)  sequences that have many bases in common 
D)  sequences that lie far upstream of the core promoter.

Question 11

Cyclic AMP affects transcription by

Accepted Answer

A)  triggering the action of several protein factors 
B)  phosphorylating a subunit of RNA polymerase 
C)  phosphorylating a transcription factor 
D)  inhibiting DNA looping 
E)  None of these 
A)  triggering the action of several protein factors 
B)  phosphorylating a subunit of RNA polymerase 
C)  phosphorylating a transcription factor 
D)  inhibiting DNA looping 
E)  None of these

Question 12

Where is the TATA box located?

Accepted Answer

A)  At the transcription start site (+1). 
B)  − 10 region. 
C)  − 25 region. 
D)  − 40 region. 
A)  At the transcription start site (+1). 
B)  − 10 region. 
C)  − 25 region. 
D)  − 40 region.

Question 13

Ribozymes

Accepted Answer

A)  are more efficient catalysts than protein-based enzymes. 
B)  are involved in protein synthesis. 
C)  always use the same mechanism of catalysis. 
D)  probably evolved later than protein-based enzymes. 
A)  are more efficient catalysts than protein-based enzymes. 
B)  are involved in protein synthesis. 
C)  always use the same mechanism of catalysis. 
D)  probably evolved later than protein-based enzymes.

Question 14

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mediator is a giant complex with a mass over 1 million Daltons 
B)  Mediator contains many subunits called Med proteins 
C)  Mediator bridges the RNA Polymerase at the promoter region with enhancers 
D)  Mediator is the ultimate regulator of eukaryotic transcription 
E)  All of these 
A)  Mediator is a giant complex with a mass over 1 million Daltons 
B)  Mediator contains many subunits called Med proteins 
C)  Mediator bridges the RNA Polymerase at the promoter region with enhancers 
D)  Mediator is the ultimate regulator of eukaryotic transcription 
E)  All of these

Question 15

Chain termination occurs, in vivo , when:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA Polymerase gets to the end of the DNA. 
B)  The factor called rho ( ρ ) binds to the DNA. 
C)  A hairpin loop forms in the template. 
D)  Either a hairpin loop forms or rho ( ρ ) catches up with transcription stalled by a hairpin loop 
E)  None of these 
A)  RNA Polymerase gets to the end of the DNA. 
B)  The factor called rho ( ρ ) binds to the DNA. 
C)  A hairpin loop forms in the template. 
D)  Either a hairpin loop forms or rho ( ρ ) catches up with transcription stalled by a hairpin loop 
E)  None of these

Question 16

The lariat mechanism has been demonstrated by observing the lariat structure using electron microscopy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In eukaryotes, which of the following types of RNA undergo some base modification after polymerization of the monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA and tRNA 
E)  mRNA and rRNA
F) all of these 
A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA and tRNA 
E)  mRNA and rRNA
F) all of these

Question 18

Which of the following is not a common modification occurring after polymerization of RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methylation of bases. 
B)  Addition of phosphate to the bases. 
C)  Removal of bases from the polymer. 
D)  Addition of bases to the polymer. 
E)  All of these changes are common. 
A)  Methylation of bases. 
B)  Addition of phosphate to the bases. 
C)  Removal of bases from the polymer. 
D)  Addition of bases to the polymer. 
E)  All of these changes are common.

Question 19

Response elements

Accepted Answer

A)  are similar to operons in that they are controlled by a single promoter 
B)  are enhancers of transcription activated by metabolic factors 
C)  are not affected by steroids 
D)  are silencers of transcription triggered by the presence of metal ions 
A)  are similar to operons in that they are controlled by a single promoter 
B)  are enhancers of transcription activated by metabolic factors 
C)  are not affected by steroids 
D)  are silencers of transcription triggered by the presence of metal ions

Question 20

Which of the following is true about micro RNAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a type of non-coding RNA 
B)  They are a type of small interfering RNA 
C)  They have been found only in simple organisms like roundworms 
D)  All of these are true 
A)  They are a type of non-coding RNA 
B)  They are a type of small interfering RNA 
C)  They have been found only in simple organisms like roundworms 
D)  All of these are true

Exam 11: Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolite activator protein (CAP)?

Intracellular levels of cyclic AMP can affect the phosphorylation of proteins and enzymes as a secondary messenger.

Which ends of prokaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Attenuation mechanisms rely on alternative secondary structures forming in the mRNA.

Initiation of transcription in eukaryotes is primarily controlled

Which of following statements concerning RNA transcription is false ?

All of the following apply to attenuation mechanisms, except :

Capping of eukaryotic mRNA

Which of the following is not part of the core promoter?

Consensus sequences are

Cyclic AMP affects transcription by

Where is the TATA box located?

Ribozymes

Which of the following is true?

Chain termination occurs, in vivo , when:

The lariat mechanism has been demonstrated by observing the lariat structure using electron microscopy.

In eukaryotes, which of the following types of RNA undergo some base modification after polymerization of the monomers?

Which of the following is not a common modification occurring after polymerization of RNA?

Response elements

Which of the following is true about micro RNAs?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

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