Question 1

The elongation and termination phases of eukaryotic transcription

Accepted Answer

A)  require several protein factors 
B)  are better understood than the initiation phase 
C)  are not subject to control mechanisms, only the initiation phase 
D)  proceed at a constant rate and always stop at the same termination sequence 
A)  require several protein factors 
B)  are better understood than the initiation phase 
C)  are not subject to control mechanisms, only the initiation phase 
D)  proceed at a constant rate and always stop at the same termination sequence

Question 2

Which of these terms does not describe the DNA strand used to direct RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Template strand 
B)  Coding strand 
C)  Antisense strand 
D)  Negative or " − " strand 
E)  All these terms describe the DNA strand used to direct RNA synthesis 
A)  Template strand 
B)  Coding strand 
C)  Antisense strand 
D)  Negative or " − " strand 
E)  All these terms describe the DNA strand used to direct RNA synthesis

Question 3

Which of the following does not influence the timing of expression of an operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repressors 
B)  Co-repressors 
C)  Presence of substrates of the operon which need to be degraded 
D)  Inducers 
E)  All of these influence the timing of expression 
A)  Repressors 
B)  Co-repressors 
C)  Presence of substrates of the operon which need to be degraded 
D)  Inducers 
E)  All of these influence the timing of expression

Question 4

Non-coding RNAs are known to:

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to mRNA targeting them for destruction 
B)  bind to mRNA preventing their translation 
C)  promote RNA silencing 
D)  all of these 
A)  bind to mRNA targeting them for destruction 
B)  bind to mRNA preventing their translation 
C)  promote RNA silencing 
D)  all of these

Question 5

Which is not associated with bacterial promoters?

Accepted Answer

A)  the transcription start site 
B)  the Pribnow box 
C)  the − 35 element 
D)  3' antiterminator 
A)  the transcription start site 
B)  the Pribnow box 
C)  the − 35 element 
D)  3' antiterminator

Question 6

Initiation of RNA biosynthesis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition of the promoter region by the α subunit of RNA polymerase 
B)  conversion of the closed-promoter complex to the open-promoter complex 
C)  binding of one of the α subunits of RNA polymerase to each strand of DNA 
D)  incorporation of four pyrimidine nucleotides in succession 
A)  recognition of the promoter region by the α subunit of RNA polymerase 
B)  conversion of the closed-promoter complex to the open-promoter complex 
C)  binding of one of the α subunits of RNA polymerase to each strand of DNA 
D)  incorporation of four pyrimidine nucleotides in succession

Question 7

Inducers allow for a system in which an enzyme is not made unless it is needed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is not a property of the sigma ( σ ) subunit?

Accepted Answer

A)  It tells the RNA Polymerase where to sit down. 
B)  It helps point the RNA Polymerase in the proper direction. 
C)  It causes the RNA Polymerase to bind tightly to the DNA. 
D)  It stays with the RNA Polymerase throughout synthesis. 
A)  It tells the RNA Polymerase where to sit down. 
B)  It helps point the RNA Polymerase in the proper direction. 
C)  It causes the RNA Polymerase to bind tightly to the DNA. 
D)  It stays with the RNA Polymerase throughout synthesis.

Question 9

How do the core enzyme and the holoenzyme of RNA polymerase differ in E. coli ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The holoenzyme includes the sigma ( σ ) subunit, the core enzyme does not. 
B)  The core enzyme includes the sigma ( σ ) subunit, the holoenzyme does not. 
C)  The holoenzyme transcribes from an RNA template, the core enzyme from a DNA template. 
D)  The core enzyme transcribes from an RNA template, the holoenzyme from a DNA template. 
A)  The holoenzyme includes the sigma ( σ ) subunit, the core enzyme does not. 
B)  The core enzyme includes the sigma ( σ ) subunit, the holoenzyme does not. 
C)  The holoenzyme transcribes from an RNA template, the core enzyme from a DNA template. 
D)  The core enzyme transcribes from an RNA template, the holoenzyme from a DNA template.

Question 10

Operons

Accepted Answer

A)  control the expression of constitutive genes. 
B)  are subject to positive or to negative control. 
C)  are not affected by mutations in the genes for repressors or inducers. 
D)  occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
A)  control the expression of constitutive genes. 
B)  are subject to positive or to negative control. 
C)  are not affected by mutations in the genes for repressors or inducers. 
D)  occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 11

Alternative splicing of exons is a mechanism to get more than 1 protein from the same gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Permanent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. 
B)  The different RNA Polymerases share some subunits. 
C)  The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol II. 
D)  Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are generally monomeric. 
A)  Permanent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. 
B)  The different RNA Polymerases share some subunits. 
C)  The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol II. 
D)  Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are generally monomeric.

Question 13

The major difference between RNA initiation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is the number of factors involved in the process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

RNA polymerases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Accepted Answer

A)  have sequence homology in catalytic subunits 
B)  have identical σ factors 
C)  differ because there is no analogue to the prokaryotic α subunit in eukaryotes 
D)  have the same number and kind of subunits 
A)  have sequence homology in catalytic subunits 
B)  have identical σ factors 
C)  differ because there is no analogue to the prokaryotic α subunit in eukaryotes 
D)  have the same number and kind of subunits

Question 15

​ Explain the significance of a structural gene in the synthesis of proteins.

Accepted Answer

A structural gene is a gene that directs

Question 16

Which of the following offers the best description of a Pribnow box?

Accepted Answer

A)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately − 35. 
B)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately − 10. 
C)  A sequence forming a hairpin loop signaling the termination of transcription. 
D)  A sequence immediately surrounding the start site of transcription. 
A)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately − 35. 
B)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately − 10. 
C)  A sequence forming a hairpin loop signaling the termination of transcription. 
D)  A sequence immediately surrounding the start site of transcription.

Question 17

Which of the conditions would result in the least amount of transcription of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 18

What provides the energy for rho-dependent chain termination?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP hydrolysis distinct from any incorporation into the chain. 
B)  Nucleotide hydrolysis associated with incorporation into the chain. 
C)  Torsional stress built into the separating DNA strands. 
D)  There is no energy requirement. 
A)  ATP hydrolysis distinct from any incorporation into the chain. 
B)  Nucleotide hydrolysis associated with incorporation into the chain. 
C)  Torsional stress built into the separating DNA strands. 
D)  There is no energy requirement.

Question 19

The catabolite activator protein can overcome the effect of a repressor binding to the operon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The end of the new mRNA molecule in E. coli. usually terminates in a string of A's

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

The elongation and termination phases of eukaryotic transcription

Which of these terms does not describe the DNA strand used to direct RNA synthesis?

Which of the following does not influence the timing of expression of an operon?

Non-coding RNAs are known to:

Which is not associated with bacterial promoters?

Initiation of RNA biosynthesis involves

Inducers allow for a system in which an enzyme is not made unless it is needed.

Which of the following is not a property of the sigma ( σ ) subunit?

How do the core enzyme and the holoenzyme of RNA polymerase differ in E. coli ?

Operons

Alternative splicing of exons is a mechanism to get more than 1 protein from the same gene.

Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is false ?

The major difference between RNA initiation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is the number of factors involved in the process.

RNA polymerases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes

​ Explain the significance of a structural gene in the synthesis of proteins.

Which of the following offers the best description of a Pribnow box?

Which of the conditions would result in the least amount of transcription of the lac operon?

What provides the energy for rho-dependent chain termination?

The catabolite activator protein can overcome the effect of a repressor binding to the operon.

The end of the new mRNA molecule in E. coli. usually terminates in a string of A's

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

Filters

Explain the significance of a structural gene in the synthesis of proteins.