Question 1

How do competitive inhibitors hinder biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competitive inhibitors denature the enzyme. 
B)  Competitive inhibitors reduce the concentration of enzyme. 
C)  Competitive inhibitors increase the concentration of enzyme. 
D)  Competitive inhibitors reduce the concentration of substrate. 
E)  Competitive inhibitors increase the concentration of substrate. 
A)  Competitive inhibitors denature the enzyme. 
B)  Competitive inhibitors reduce the concentration of enzyme. 
C)  Competitive inhibitors increase the concentration of enzyme. 
D)  Competitive inhibitors reduce the concentration of substrate. 
E)  Competitive inhibitors increase the concentration of substrate.

Question 2

Which of the following is a hydrogen ion acceptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  ADP 
C)  FAD 
D)  FADH2 
E)  NADPH 
A)  ATP 
B)  ADP 
C)  FAD 
D)  FADH2 
E)  NADPH

Question 3

Many bacterial infections are treated with drugs, such as penicillin and sulpha drugs, that ____ the bacteria's enzyme activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit 
B)  promote 
C)  enhance 
D)  stabilize 
E)  accentuate 
A)  inhibit 
B)  promote 
C)  enhance 
D)  stabilize 
E)  accentuate

Question 4

Some enzymes can only function if an additional chemical component, called a cofactor, is present.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Briefly explain what is meant by the phrase "coupling of chemical reactions." Provide an example to explain the importance of this process in living organisms.

Accepted Answer

In chemical coupling, an exergonic react

Question 6

Why are enzymes considered important biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes lower the entropy of a biochemical reaction. 
B)  Enzymes decrease the enthalpy of a biochemical reaction. 
C)  Enzymes increase the free energy of a biochemical reaction. 
D)  Enzymes supply the energy to initiate a biochemical reaction. 
E)  Enzymes lower the activation energy of a biochemical reaction. 
A)  Enzymes lower the entropy of a biochemical reaction. 
B)  Enzymes decrease the enthalpy of a biochemical reaction. 
C)  Enzymes increase the free energy of a biochemical reaction. 
D)  Enzymes supply the energy to initiate a biochemical reaction. 
E)  Enzymes lower the activation energy of a biochemical reaction.

Question 7

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following statements is contrary to the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  When energy is used, it is irreplaceable. 
B)  Matter can be converted into energy. 
C)  The amount of energy in the universe is constant. 
D)  Energy can be converted from one form to another. 
E)  Energy can be transferred from one form to another. 
A)  When energy is used, it is irreplaceable. 
B)  Matter can be converted into energy. 
C)  The amount of energy in the universe is constant. 
D)  Energy can be converted from one form to another. 
E)  Energy can be transferred from one form to another.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is contrary to the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Total entropy in the universe is decreasing with time. 
B)  When energy is used, it is irreplaceable. 
C)  Energy is converted from one form to another form. 
D)  Energy can be transferred from one form to another. 
E)  Total amount of energy in the universe that is available to do work decreases over time. 
A)  Total entropy in the universe is decreasing with time. 
B)  When energy is used, it is irreplaceable. 
C)  Energy is converted from one form to another form. 
D)  Energy can be transferred from one form to another. 
E)  Total amount of energy in the universe that is available to do work decreases over time.

Question 10

An organism can exchange matter and energy with its surroundings. Thus, any change in an organism's energy content must be balanced by a corresponding change in the energy content of the surroundings. As such, an organism is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  closed system. 
B)  open system. 
C)  dynamic system. 
D)  potential system. 
E)  thermally reactive system. 
A)  closed system. 
B)  open system. 
C)  dynamic system. 
D)  potential system. 
E)  thermally reactive system.

Question 11

Enzymes are highly specific and will only catalyze one or a few reactions. What would happen if most biochemical reactions were catalyzed by the same enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Having specific en

Question 12

Compare potential and kinetic energy. Give one example of kinetic energy and one example of potential energy to clarify their differences.

Accepted Answer

Potential and kinetic are both forms of

Question 13

In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

_____________ is a protein-digesting enzyme in the very acidic stomach juice.

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypsin 
B)  Chymotrypsin 
C)  Elastase 
D)  Pepsin 
E)  Dipeptidase 
A)  Trypsin 
B)  Chymotrypsin 
C)  Elastase 
D)  Pepsin 
E)  Dipeptidase

Question 15

FAD becomes oxidized when it accepts hydrogen atoms and their electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Chemical energy is a form of kinetic energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How does the ability of ATP to transfer a phosphate group make it pivotal in the overall energy metabolism of a cell?

Accepted Answer

When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP + P_i, energ

Question 18

Every type of chemical bond contains a certain amount of energy. The total bond energy, which is essentially equivalent to the total potential energy of the system, is a quantity known as

Accepted Answer

A)  entropy. 
B)  enthalpy. 
C)  free energy. 
D)  kinetic energy. 
E)  thermodynamic energy. 
A)  entropy. 
B)  enthalpy. 
C)  free energy. 
D)  kinetic energy. 
E)  thermodynamic energy.

Question 19

Figure 7-2 ​
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. The line on the graph labeled C represents the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  change in entropy 
B)  change in enthalpy 
C)  change in free energy 
D)  activation energy with an enzyme 
E)  activation energy without an enzyme 
A)  change in entropy 
B)  change in enthalpy 
C)  change in free energy 
D)  activation energy with an enzyme 
E)  activation energy without an enzyme

Question 20

Some enzymes have a receptor site that is other than the active site. This is also referred to as a(n) ____ site.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitive 
B)  allosteric 
C)  inhibitive 
D)  reversible 
E)  competitive 
A)  sensitive 
B)  allosteric 
C)  inhibitive 
D)  reversible 
E)  competitive

Exam 7: Energy and Metabolism

How do competitive inhibitors hinder biochemical reactions?

Which of the following is a hydrogen ion acceptor?

Many bacterial infections are treated with drugs, such as penicillin and sulpha drugs, that ____ the bacteria's enzyme activity.

Some enzymes can only function if an additional chemical component, called a cofactor, is present.

Briefly explain what is meant by the phrase "coupling of chemical reactions." Provide an example to explain the importance of this process in living organisms.

Why are enzymes considered important biological catalysts?

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

Which of the following statements is contrary to the first law of thermodynamics?

Which of the following statements is contrary to the second law of thermodynamics?

An organism can exchange matter and energy with its surroundings. Thus, any change in an organism's energy content must be balanced by a corresponding change in the energy content of the surroundings. As such, an organism is referred to as a(n)

Enzymes are highly specific and will only catalyze one or a few reactions. What would happen if most biochemical reactions were catalyzed by the same enzyme?

Compare potential and kinetic energy. Give one example of kinetic energy and one example of potential energy to clarify their differences.

In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme.

_____________ is a protein-digesting enzyme in the very acidic stomach juice.

FAD becomes oxidized when it accepts hydrogen atoms and their electrons.

Chemical energy is a form of kinetic energy.

How does the ability of ATP to transfer a phosphate group make it pivotal in the overall energy metabolism of a cell?

Every type of chemical bond contains a certain amount of energy. The total bond energy, which is essentially equivalent to the total potential energy of the system, is a quantity known as

Figure 7-2 ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. The line on the graph labeled C represents the ____.

Some enzymes have a receptor site that is other than the active site. This is also referred to as a(n) ____ site.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 7-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. The line on the graph labeled C represents the ____.