Question 1

What would happen if you were to increase the temperature in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of reaction will not change. 
B)  The rate of reaction will increase and then level off. 
C)  The rate of reaction will decrease and then level off. 
D)  The rate of reaction will increase and then decrease rapidly. 
E)  The rate of reaction will decrease and then increase rapidly. 
A)  The rate of reaction will not change. 
B)  The rate of reaction will increase and then level off. 
C)  The rate of reaction will decrease and then level off. 
D)  The rate of reaction will increase and then decrease rapidly. 
E)  The rate of reaction will decrease and then increase rapidly.

Question 2

The maintenance of a high ATP to ADP ratio within cells ensures that

Accepted Answer

A)  the hydrolysis of ADP to ATP will be strongly exergonic. 
B)  the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP will be strongly exergonic. 
C)  the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP will be strongly endergonic. 
D)  the hydrolysis of ADP to ATP will be an energy releasing reaction. 
E)  the conversion of ADP to ATP will proceed spontaneously. 
A)  the hydrolysis of ADP to ATP will be strongly exergonic. 
B)  the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP will be strongly exergonic. 
C)  the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP will be strongly endergonic. 
D)  the hydrolysis of ADP to ATP will be an energy releasing reaction. 
E)  the conversion of ADP to ATP will proceed spontaneously.

Question 3

Why type of energy is represented by a positive change in G ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entropy 
B)  Enthalpy 
C)  Exergonic 
D)  Endergonic 
E)  Activation 
A)  Entropy 
B)  Enthalpy 
C)  Exergonic 
D)  Endergonic 
E)  Activation

Question 4

In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme at the allosteric site.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Most vitamins are coenzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which best describes a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves the expenditure of energy. 
B)  It involves the anabolic production of complex molecules. 
C)  It involves the breakdown of life sustaining processes within cells. 
D)  It involves the breakdown of large organic molecules to simple building blocks. 
E)  It involves the synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple building blocks. 
A)  It involves the expenditure of energy. 
B)  It involves the anabolic production of complex molecules. 
C)  It involves the breakdown of life sustaining processes within cells. 
D)  It involves the breakdown of large organic molecules to simple building blocks. 
E)  It involves the synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple building blocks.

Question 7

An endergonic reaction can proceed only if it absorbs

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly available free energy. 
B)  less free energy than is released by a coupled exergonic reaction. 
C)  more free energy than is released by a coupled exergonic reaction. 
D)  less free energy than is released by a coupled endergonic reaction. 
E)  the same amount of free energy that is absorbed by the enzymatic breakdown of proteins. 
A)  randomly available free energy. 
B)  less free energy than is released by a coupled exergonic reaction. 
C)  more free energy than is released by a coupled exergonic reaction. 
D)  less free energy than is released by a coupled endergonic reaction. 
E)  the same amount of free energy that is absorbed by the enzymatic breakdown of proteins.

Question 8

In order for a cell to maintain a high degree of order, it must constantly

Accepted Answer

A)  use energy. 
B)  produce energy. 
C)  destroy energy. 
D)  release energy. 
E)  increase energy. 
A)  use energy. 
B)  produce energy. 
C)  destroy energy. 
D)  release energy. 
E)  increase energy.

Question 9

Which class of enzyme can catalyze the conversion of a molecule from one isomeric form to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrolases 
B)  Lyases 
C)  Ligases 
D)  Isomerases 
E)  Transferases 
A)  Hydrolases 
B)  Lyases 
C)  Ligases 
D)  Isomerases 
E)  Transferases

Question 10

The direction of an exergonic reaction can best be described as moving

Accepted Answer

A)  from higher to lower entropy. 
B)  from lower to higher free energy. 
C)  from higher to lower free energy. 
D)  from higher to lower absolute temperature. 
E)  from lower to higher absolute temperature. 
A)  from higher to lower entropy. 
B)  from lower to higher free energy. 
C)  from higher to lower free energy. 
D)  from higher to lower absolute temperature. 
E)  from lower to higher absolute temperature.

Question 11

Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  catalysts. 
B)  cytochromes. 
C)  activation energy. 
D)  hydrogen acceptors. 
E)  transformation proteins. 
A)  catalysts. 
B)  cytochromes. 
C)  activation energy. 
D)  hydrogen acceptors. 
E)  transformation proteins.

Question 12

At a constant temperature and pH, the rate of an enzymatically catalyzed reaction is inversely proportional to the enzyme concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which refers to an organic, non-polypeptide compound that binds to the apoenzyme and serves as a cofactor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mineral 
B)  Catalyst 
C)  Substrate 
D)  Coenzyme 
E)  Allosteric regulator 
A)  Mineral 
B)  Catalyst 
C)  Substrate 
D)  Coenzyme 
E)  Allosteric regulator

Question 14

The conversion of polysaccharides to monosaccharides is an example of an anabolic reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Total bond energy is essentially equivalent to the total potential energy of the system, a quantity known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exergonic 
B)  enthalpy 
C)  activation 
D)  entropy 
E)  endergonic 
A)  exergonic 
B)  enthalpy 
C)  activation 
D)  entropy 
E)  endergonic

Question 16

You are out cycling and start to climb a hill. As you crest the hill, just before cycling down, what kind of energy have you stored?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kinetic energy 
B)  Thermal energy 
C)  Chemical energy 
D)  Electrical energy 
E)  Potential energy 
A)  Kinetic energy 
B)  Thermal energy 
C)  Chemical energy 
D)  Electrical energy 
E)  Potential energy

Question 17

Use your own words to explain the second law of thermodynamics and how this law applies to living organisms.

Accepted Answer

The second law of thermodynamics states

Question 18

What would happen if all chemical processes reached equilibrium in the cell? Briefly explain why cells work to prevent a state of equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider

Question 19

Consider the following two chemical equations: 
A. glucose + fructose → sucrose + H2O, Δ G = +27 kJ/mole (or +6.5 kcal/mole)
B. glucose + fructose + ATP → sucrose + ADP + Pi, Δ G = −5 kJ/mole (or −1.2 kcal/mole)
What is the overall Δ G ?

Accepted Answer

A)  22 kJ/mole 
B)  32 kJ/mole 
C)  -32 kJ/mole 
D)  −135 kJ/mole 
E)  135 kJ/mole 
A)  22 kJ/mole 
B)  32 kJ/mole 
C)  -32 kJ/mole 
D)  −135 kJ/mole 
E)  135 kJ/mole

Question 20

A nonpolypeptide compound that binds to the apoenzyme and serves as a cofactor is called

Accepted Answer

A)  starch. 
B)  pyruvic acid. 
C)  serine. 
D)  heme. 
E)  coenzyme. 
A)  starch. 
B)  pyruvic acid. 
C)  serine. 
D)  heme. 
E)  coenzyme.

Exam 7: Energy and Metabolism

What would happen if you were to increase the temperature in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

The maintenance of a high ATP to ADP ratio within cells ensures that

Why type of energy is represented by a positive change in G ?

In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme at the allosteric site.

Most vitamins are coenzymes.

Which best describes a catabolic reaction?

An endergonic reaction can proceed only if it absorbs

In order for a cell to maintain a high degree of order, it must constantly

Which class of enzyme can catalyze the conversion of a molecule from one isomeric form to another?

The direction of an exergonic reaction can best be described as moving

Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as

At a constant temperature and pH, the rate of an enzymatically catalyzed reaction is inversely proportional to the enzyme concentration.

Which refers to an organic, non-polypeptide compound that binds to the apoenzyme and serves as a cofactor?

The conversion of polysaccharides to monosaccharides is an example of an anabolic reaction.

Total bond energy is essentially equivalent to the total potential energy of the system, a quantity known as ____________.

You are out cycling and start to climb a hill. As you crest the hill, just before cycling down, what kind of energy have you stored?

Use your own words to explain the second law of thermodynamics and how this law applies to living organisms.

What would happen if all chemical processes reached equilibrium in the cell? Briefly explain why cells work to prevent a state of equilibrium.

Consider the following two chemical equations: A. glucose + fructose → sucrose + H2O, Δ G = +27 kJ/mole (or +6.5 kcal/mole) B. glucose + fructose + ATP → sucrose + ADP + Pi, Δ G = −5 kJ/mole (or −1.2 kcal/mole) What is the overall Δ G ?

A nonpolypeptide compound that binds to the apoenzyme and serves as a cofactor is called

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Consider the following two chemical equations: A. glucose + fructose → sucrose + H₂O, Δ G = +27 kJ/mole (or +6.5 kcal/mole) B. glucose + fructose + ATP → sucrose + ADP + P_i, Δ G = −5 kJ/mole (or −1.2 kcal/mole) What is the overall Δ G ?