Question 1

GPP, or Gross Primary Productivity

Accepted Answer

A)  is the energy that remains in a plant after photosynthesis. 
B)  is the total energy captured from the sun through photosynthesis. 
C)  is the rate at which excess plant energy is converted to tissue for growth. 
D)  is the amount of energy available for primary consumers. 
E)  represents approximately 80% of the energy captured from the sun. 
A)  is the energy that remains in a plant after photosynthesis. 
B)  is the total energy captured from the sun through photosynthesis. 
C)  is the rate at which excess plant energy is converted to tissue for growth. 
D)  is the amount of energy available for primary consumers. 
E)  represents approximately 80% of the energy captured from the sun.

Question 2

The clockwise gyre of surface ocean currents in the North Atlantic results in

Accepted Answer

A)  warmer water on Atlantic beaches of North America than Pacific beaches of the same latitude. 
B)  cooler water on Atlantic beaches of North America than Pacific beaches of the same latitude. 
C)  a clockwise gyre in the South Atlantic. 
D)  a circumpolar flow of water in the Northern Hemisphere. 
E)  prevailing trade winds. 
A)  warmer water on Atlantic beaches of North America than Pacific beaches of the same latitude. 
B)  cooler water on Atlantic beaches of North America than Pacific beaches of the same latitude. 
C)  a clockwise gyre in the South Atlantic. 
D)  a circumpolar flow of water in the Northern Hemisphere. 
E)  prevailing trade winds.

Question 3

Net primary productivity represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate at which energy is captured during photosynthesis. 
B)  the amount of biomass in excess of that needed to support plant cell respiration. 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide produced by plants. 
D)  plant reproduction per unit area per unit time. 
E)  energy production in an area per unit time. 
A)  the rate at which energy is captured during photosynthesis. 
B)  the amount of biomass in excess of that needed to support plant cell respiration. 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide produced by plants. 
D)  plant reproduction per unit area per unit time. 
E)  energy production in an area per unit time.

Question 4

Bacteria are most essential in the cycling of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon. 
B)  water. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  energy. 
A)  carbon. 
B)  water. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  energy.

Question 5

Figure 55-2 ​
 
​
In the accompanying figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is

Accepted Answer

A)  a more complex organism. 
B)  an older organism. 
C)  at the bottom of the food chain. 
D)  at the top of the food chain. 
E)  homoeothermic (warm-blooded). 
A)  a more complex organism. 
B)  an older organism. 
C)  at the bottom of the food chain. 
D)  at the top of the food chain. 
E)  homoeothermic (warm-blooded).

Question 6

Sketch the carbon cycle. Include the terms photosynthesis; plant and animal respiration; soil microorganism respiration; and decomposition. Indicate how human combustion activities upset the natural balance of the carbon cycle.

Accepted Answer

Similar to FIG. 55-7. Photosynthesis pro

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: Returns gaseous nitrogen to the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Nitrogen fixation and Denitrification and Nitrification and is...

Question 8

A food web is a more realistic depiction than a food chain because

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms rarely eat just one kind of food. 
B)  energy flow is linear. 
C)  energy flow is cyclic. 
D)  a more complex model is always better than a simple one. 
E)  matter cycles in ecosystems. 
A)  organisms rarely eat just one kind of food. 
B)  energy flow is linear. 
C)  energy flow is cyclic. 
D)  a more complex model is always better than a simple one. 
E)  matter cycles in ecosystems.

Question 9

A decomposer is also called a saprotroph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Bacterial decomposition of organic nitrogen results in the production of

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  nitrates. 
C)  nitrites. 
D)  atmospheric nitrogen. 
E)  urea. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  nitrates. 
C)  nitrites. 
D)  atmospheric nitrogen. 
E)  urea.

Question 11

Pyramids of numbers are of limited usefulness because they

Accepted Answer

A)  do not indicate the biomass of the organisms at a given time. 
B)  do not indicate the gross primary productivity of each species. 
C)  do not include energy flow through the ecosystem. 
D)  include three trophic levels. 
E)  have limited reliability of the actual numbers involved. 
A)  do not indicate the biomass of the organisms at a given time. 
B)  do not indicate the gross primary productivity of each species. 
C)  do not include energy flow through the ecosystem. 
D)  include three trophic levels. 
E)  have limited reliability of the actual numbers involved.

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: The process by which animals convert plant nitrogen compounds into animal nitrogen compounds

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Nitrogen fixation and Assimilation and Nitrification and is...

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: Converts nitrate to gaseous nitrogen

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Nitrogen fixation and Assimilation and Denitrification and is...

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: The principle enzyme is nitrogenase

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Assimilation and Denitrification and Nitrogen fixation and is...

Question 15

Briefly discuss which biogeochemical cycle produces photochemical smog and why it is hazardous.

Accepted Answer

The nitrogen cycle is the origin of phot

Question 16

The seasons are determined primarily by Earth's tilt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Solar radiation

Accepted Answer

A)  powers the hydrologic and other biogeochemical cycles. 
B)  is essential for chemosynthesis. 
C)  is the product of a massive nuclear fission event. 
D)  is eventually released from fossil fuels. 
E)  is eventually released via decomposition. 
A)  powers the hydrologic and other biogeochemical cycles. 
B)  is essential for chemosynthesis. 
C)  is the product of a massive nuclear fission event. 
D)  is eventually released from fossil fuels. 
E)  is eventually released via decomposition.

Question 19

Which process is not involved in the hydrologic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrification 
B)  Transpiration 
C)  Precipitation 
D)  Evaporation 
E)  Condensation 
A)  Nitrification 
B)  Transpiration 
C)  Precipitation 
D)  Evaporation 
E)  Condensation

Question 20

Figure 55-1 ​
 
​
The accompanying figure represents a

Accepted Answer

A)  fairly simple food web. 
B)  fairly simple food chain. 
C)  pyramid of biomass. 
D)  pyramid of energy. 
E)  pyramid of numbers. 
A)  fairly simple food web. 
B)  fairly simple food chain. 
C)  pyramid of biomass. 
D)  pyramid of energy. 
E)  pyramid of numbers.

Exam 55: Ecosystems and the Biosphere

GPP, or Gross Primary Productivity

The clockwise gyre of surface ocean currents in the North Atlantic results in

Net primary productivity represents

Bacteria are most essential in the cycling of

Figure 55-2 ​ ​ In the accompanying figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is

Sketch the carbon cycle. Include the terms photosynthesis; plant and animal respiration; soil microorganism respiration; and decomposition. Indicate how human combustion activities upset the natural balance of the carbon cycle.

A food web is a more realistic depiction than a food chain because

A decomposer is also called a saprotroph.

Bacterial decomposition of organic nitrogen results in the production of

Pyramids of numbers are of limited usefulness because they

Briefly discuss which biogeochemical cycle produces photochemical smog and why it is hazardous.

The seasons are determined primarily by Earth's tilt.

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is oxygen.

Solar radiation

Which process is not involved in the hydrologic cycle?

Figure 55-1 ​ ​ The accompanying figure represents a

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 55-2 In the accompanying figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is

Figure 55-1 The accompanying figure represents a