Question 1

What reaction does the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase catalyze?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol to acetate 
B)  ethanol to acetaldehyde 
C)  acetate to acetaldehyde 
D)  acetaldehyde to ethanol 
E)  acetaldehyde to acetate 
A)  ethanol to acetate 
B)  ethanol to acetaldehyde 
C)  acetate to acetaldehyde 
D)  acetaldehyde to ethanol 
E)  acetaldehyde to acetate

Question 2

The graph shows the temperature profile for T. aquaticus polymerase, an enzyme used by a species of bacteria that lives in hot springs. What does the boxed region indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme activity increases as substrates increase their kinetic energy. 
B)  The enzyme activity decreases as substrates increase their kinetic energy. 
C)  The enzyme activity increases as the enzyme denatures. 
D)  The enzyme activity decreases as the enzyme denatures. 
E)  The enzyme activity decreases as the enzyme refolds. 
A)  The enzyme activity increases as substrates increase their kinetic energy. 
B)  The enzyme activity decreases as substrates increase their kinetic energy. 
C)  The enzyme activity increases as the enzyme denatures. 
D)  The enzyme activity decreases as the enzyme denatures. 
E)  The enzyme activity decreases as the enzyme refolds.

Question 3

A metabolic reaction will most likely reverse itself when the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pH is too high 
B)  temperature is too low 
C)  reactant concentration is too high 
D)  product concentration is too high 
E)  enzyme concentration is too high 
A)  pH is too high 
B)  temperature is too low 
C)  reactant concentration is too high 
D)  product concentration is too high 
E)  enzyme concentration is too high

Question 4

The fact that the earth does not go up in flames in spite of the richness of oxygen in our environment is related to which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  the activation energy needed to break bonds 
B)  the fact that reactants always have less energy than products 
C)  the first law of thermodynamics 
D)  the second law of thermodynamics 
E)  the abundance of water in our atmosphere, which inhibits combustion 
A)  the activation energy needed to break bonds 
B)  the fact that reactants always have less energy than products 
C)  the first law of thermodynamics 
D)  the second law of thermodynamics 
E)  the abundance of water in our atmosphere, which inhibits combustion

Question 5

An enzyme's specificity is based on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the shape of its active site 
B)  the amount of activation energy it requires 
C)  the number of amino acids in its structure 
D)  the nature of its cofactors 
E)  the conformation of the products 
A)  the shape of its active site 
B)  the amount of activation energy it requires 
C)  the number of amino acids in its structure 
D)  the nature of its cofactors 
E)  the conformation of the products

Question 6

Unlike plants, fungi, and bacteria, animal cells cannot resist volume increases in hypotonic environments. This is because unlike those other organisms, animal cells ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have central vacuoles 
B)  do not have cell walls 
C)  do not have pumps that can actively pump out excess fluid 
D)  are smaller than those other cells and thus cannot handle large increases in volume 
E)  have relatively more solutes 
A)  do not have central vacuoles 
B)  do not have cell walls 
C)  do not have pumps that can actively pump out excess fluid 
D)  are smaller than those other cells and thus cannot handle large increases in volume 
E)  have relatively more solutes

Question 7

Diffusion of water from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution across a semi-permeable membrane ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  will occur until both solutions are isotonic 
B)  will occur until both sides are hypotonic 
C)  will occur until both sides are hypertonic 
D)  will occur until the tonicities are reversed 
E)  will not occur 
A)  will occur until both solutions are isotonic 
B)  will occur until both sides are hypotonic 
C)  will occur until both sides are hypertonic 
D)  will occur until the tonicities are reversed 
E)  will not occur

Question 8

Based on the given graph for the pH profile for GlyFa1, an enzyme used by a species of bacteria that lives in California copper mines, what is the optimal pH for GlyFa1 activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4 
E)  6 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4 
E)  6

Question 9

How do sodium-potassium pumps work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium is pumped into the cell and potassium diffuses out. 
B)  Sodium is pumped out of the cell and potassium diffuses in. 
C)  Sodium and potassium are both pumped into the cell simultaneously. 
D)  Sodium and potassium are both pumped out of the cell simultaneously. 
E)  Sodium only binds to the pump to make it receptive to potassium which then is pumped into the cell. 
A)  Sodium is pumped into the cell and potassium diffuses out. 
B)  Sodium is pumped out of the cell and potassium diffuses in. 
C)  Sodium and potassium are both pumped into the cell simultaneously. 
D)  Sodium and potassium are both pumped out of the cell simultaneously. 
E)  Sodium only binds to the pump to make it receptive to potassium which then is pumped into the cell.

Question 10

Osmosis involves the movement of ____ across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  solutes; high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration 
B)  water; high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration 
C)  solvents; high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration 
D)  solutes; low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration 
E)  water; low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration 
A)  solutes; high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration 
B)  water; high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration 
C)  solvents; high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration 
D)  solutes; low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration 
E)  water; low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 11

Calcium ion concentrations are tightly regulated because of the importance of calcium in biological functions. Calcium ion concentrations are ____ inside the cell than/as they are outside the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly higher 
B)  slightly lower 
C)  the same 
D)  much higher 
E)  much lower 
A)  slightly higher 
B)  slightly lower 
C)  the same 
D)  much higher 
E)  much lower

Question 12

When a phosphate group is transferred from ATP, active transport pumps ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  trigger exocytosis 
B)  change their shapes 
C)  become ionized 
D)  fuse with the surrounding phospholipid membrane 
E)  are destroyed 
A)  trigger exocytosis 
B)  change their shapes 
C)  become ionized 
D)  fuse with the surrounding phospholipid membrane 
E)  are destroyed

Question 13

Which human organ is responsible for breaking down ethanol and other toxins?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach 
B)  liver 
C)  small intestine 
D)  pancreas 
E)  spleen 
A)  stomach 
B)  liver 
C)  small intestine 
D)  pancreas 
E)  spleen

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic

Accepted Answer

The Answer of B and A and C is...

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  c onversion of the energy in sunlight into glucose 
B)  t he use of gasoline to propel your car 
C)  ATP activation of a proton pump 
D)  a  light bulb heats up after use 
E)  a  nuclear reactor lights up the city 
A)  c onversion of the energy in sunlight into glucose 
B)  t he use of gasoline to propel your car 
C)  ATP activation of a proton pump 
D)  a  light bulb heats up after use 
E)  a  nuclear reactor lights up the city

Question 16

When a protein denatures, it ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  changes shape 
B)  changes temperature 
C)  changes pH 
D)  binds more efficiently to its cofactor 
E)  catalyzes reactions more efficiently 
A)  changes shape 
B)  changes temperature 
C)  changes pH 
D)  binds more efficiently to its cofactor 
E)  catalyzes reactions more efficiently

Question 17

In a chemical reaction, if the reactants have more energy than the products, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  there will be a net release of energy 
B)  there will be a net loss of energy 
C)  the activation energy will be very high 
D)  the activation energy will be very low 
E)  more bonds were made than were broken 
A)  there will be a net release of energy 
B)  there will be a net loss of energy 
C)  the activation energy will be very high 
D)  the activation energy will be very low 
E)  more bonds were made than were broken

Question 18

Substances that enter a reaction are termed ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermediates 
B)  enzymes 
C)  energy carriers 
D)  reactants 
E)  end products 
A)  intermediates 
B)  enzymes 
C)  energy carriers 
D)  reactants 
E)  end products

Question 19

If guncotton has a lower activation energy than gunpowder, then which is true about guncotton?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a highly explosive derivative of cholesterol. 
B)  It is used to make gunpowder. 
C)  It is less stable than gunpowder. 
D)  It is more stable than gunpowder. 
E)  It reacts less readily with oxygen than gunpowder. 
A)  It is a highly explosive derivative of cholesterol. 
B)  It is used to make gunpowder. 
C)  It is less stable than gunpowder. 
D)  It is more stable than gunpowder. 
E)  It reacts less readily with oxygen than gunpowder.

Question 20

Long term, heavy drinking can lead to ____, a disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the liver.

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatoblastoma 
B)  gall stones 
C)  fatty liver disease 
D)  jaundice 
E)  cirrhosis 
A)  hepatoblastoma 
B)  gall stones 
C)  fatty liver disease 
D)  jaundice 
E)  cirrhosis

Exam 4: Energy and Metabolism

What reaction does the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase catalyze?

The graph shows the temperature profile for T. aquaticus polymerase, an enzyme used by a species of bacteria that lives in hot springs. What does the boxed region indicate?

A metabolic reaction will most likely reverse itself when the ____.

The fact that the earth does not go up in flames in spite of the richness of oxygen in our environment is related to which of the following concepts?

An enzyme's specificity is based on ____.

Unlike plants, fungi, and bacteria, animal cells cannot resist volume increases in hypotonic environments. This is because unlike those other organisms, animal cells ____.

Diffusion of water from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution across a semi-permeable membrane ____.

Based on the given graph for the pH profile for GlyFa1, an enzyme used by a species of bacteria that lives in California copper mines, what is the optimal pH for GlyFa1 activity?

How do sodium-potassium pumps work?

Osmosis involves the movement of ____ across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of ____.

Calcium ion concentrations are tightly regulated because of the importance of calcium in biological functions. Calcium ion concentrations are ____ inside the cell than/as they are outside the cell.

When a phosphate group is transferred from ATP, active transport pumps ____.

Which human organ is responsible for breaking down ethanol and other toxins?

Which of the following is an example of the second law of thermodynamics?

When a protein denatures, it ____.

In a chemical reaction, if the reactants have more energy than the products, ____.

Substances that enter a reaction are termed ____.

If guncotton has a lower activation energy than gunpowder, then which is true about guncotton?

Long term, heavy drinking can lead to ____, a disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the liver.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

Osmosis involves the movement of across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of .