Question 1

Review the research pertaining to medial temporal lobe structures and declarative memory.

Accepted Answer

The research pertaining to medial temporal lobe structures and declarative memory has shown that these structures, including the hippocampus and surrounding regions, play a crucial role in the formation and retrieval of declarative memories. Declarative memory refers to the conscious recollection of facts and events, and studies have consistently demonstrated the importance of the medial temporal lobe in this process.

Research using various techniques such as neuroimaging, lesion studies, and animal models has provided evidence for the involvement of the medial temporal lobe in declarative memory. For example, patients with damage to the hippocampus and surrounding areas often exhibit profound deficits in forming new declarative memories, while retaining other cognitive functions. Additionally, neuroimaging studies have shown increased activity in the medial temporal lobe during tasks that require the encoding and retrieval of declarative memories.

Furthermore, research has also highlighted the specific contributions of different regions within the medial temporal lobe to declarative memory. For instance, the hippocampus is thought to be particularly important for the initial encoding and consolidation of declarative memories, while the surrounding cortical regions may play a role in the retrieval and integration of these memories.

Overall, the research on medial temporal lobe structures and declarative memory has provided valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying our ability to remember past events and information. Understanding these processes is not only important for advancing our knowledge of human cognition, but also has implications for the diagnosis and treatment of memory-related disorders.

Question 2

In LTP formation, nitric oxide and arachidonic acid may serve as

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic transmitters. 
B)  inhibitors of protein synthesis. 
C)  synaptic modulators. 
D)  retrograde messengers. 
A)  synaptic transmitters. 
B)  inhibitors of protein synthesis. 
C)  synaptic modulators. 
D)  retrograde messengers. D

Question 3

Compared to animals placed in impoverished conditions, animals kept in enriched conditions have been found to have heavier brains, due primarily to increases in the

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  cerebellum. 
D)  cortex. 
A)  hippocampus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  cerebellum. 
D)  cortex. D

Question 4

Research on patient H.M. and others with similar brain damage confirmed that there are two types of memory, distinguishable as

Accepted Answer

A)  shape recognition versus word recognition. 
B)  declarative versus procedural. 
C)  semantic versus episodic. 
D)  mirror reading versus mirror-tracing. 
A)  shape recognition versus word recognition. 
B)  declarative versus procedural. 
C)  semantic versus episodic. 
D)  mirror reading versus mirror-tracing.

Question 5

In the hippocampus, commissural fibers carry information from the

Accepted Answer

A)  entorhinal cortex. 
B)  subiculum. 
C)  other hippocampus. 
D)  cerebellum. 
A)  entorhinal cortex. 
B)  subiculum. 
C)  other hippocampus. 
D)  cerebellum.

Question 6

NMDA receptors induce LTP

Accepted Answer

A)  when glutamate stimulates them. 
B)  only if Mg2+ ions move. 
C)  by allowing Na+ to enter the dendritic spine. 
D)  by blocking CREB within the postsynaptic cell. 
A)  when glutamate stimulates them. 
B)  only if Mg2+ ions move. 
C)  by allowing Na+ to enter the dendritic spine. 
D)  by blocking CREB within the postsynaptic cell.

Question 7

In the formation of LTP, the entry of Ca2+ ions into the neuron activates _______, which are enzymes that _______ the activity of intracellular proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein kinases; block 
B)  adenylate cyclases; block 
C)  protein kinases; alter 
D)  adenylate cyclases; alter 
A)  protein kinases; block 
B)  adenylate cyclases; block 
C)  protein kinases; alter 
D)  adenylate cyclases; alter

Question 8

Adult mice living in enriched conditions produce new neurons in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex. 
B)  amygdala. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  hippocampus. 
A)  cortex. 
B)  amygdala. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  hippocampus.

Question 9

Describe how different protein kinases are important in LTP. Relate their action to the actions of CREB and its effect on synaptic remodeling.

Accepted Answer

In LTP, activation of calcium/calmodulin

Question 10

In mammals, the physical basis of a memory formed by learning a particular task, which is called the _______, is thought to be encoded by changes in the activity of a circuit of neurons, not just one neuron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In mammals, the physical basis of a...

Question 11

The three successive events that are necessary for recall of a past event are encoding, _______, and retrieval.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three successive events that are necessary...

Question 12

It appears that the medial temporal system is not required for

Accepted Answer

A)  shorter-term memories. 
B)  longer-term memories. 
C)  emotional attributes of memory. 
D)  All of the above require the medial temporal system. 
A)  shorter-term memories. 
B)  longer-term memories. 
C)  emotional attributes of memory. 
D)  All of the above require the medial temporal system.

Question 13

According to Hebb's notion of cell assemblies, information can be stored by groups of neurons that are

Accepted Answer

A)  activated simultaneously or in close succession. 
B)  located in the same region of the brain. 
C)  negatively charged. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  activated simultaneously or in close succession. 
B)  located in the same region of the brain. 
C)  negatively charged. 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

In order to find evidence of an engram, optogenetics has been used to turn _______ neurons that _______ a conditioned fear response.

Accepted Answer

A)  off; activate 
B)  on; activate 
C)  on; inhibit 
D)  off; inhibit 
A)  off; activate 
B)  on; activate 
C)  on; inhibit 
D)  off; inhibit

Question 15

Describe the circuitry in the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex, and explain cellular and molecular changes to this circuit as a result of training.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons in the siphon synapse on

Question 16

Eye-blink conditioning is an example of _______ conditioning and has been used to study mammalian cerebellar circuits.

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental 
B)  classical 
C)  operant 
D)  aversive 
A)  instrumental 
B)  classical 
C)  operant 
D)  aversive

Question 17

In mice, genetic deletion of CREB

Accepted Answer

A)  impairs STM. 
B)  impairs LTM. 
C)  impairs STM and LTM. 
D)  has no effect on STM or LTM. 
A)  impairs STM. 
B)  impairs LTM. 
C)  impairs STM and LTM. 
D)  has no effect on STM or LTM.

Question 18

Which statement about memory is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Instrumental conditioning, in which an animal learns to press a lever to get food, is a type of nondeclarative memory. 
B)  Priming, in which prior exposure to a similar stimulus changes the processing of a particular stimulus, is a type of declarative memory. 
C)  Patient K.C.'s inability to remember episodic memories is an example of impaired nondeclarative memory. 
D)  The delayed non-matching-to-sample task tests an animal's nondeclarative memory. 
A)  Instrumental conditioning, in which an animal learns to press a lever to get food, is a type of nondeclarative memory. 
B)  Priming, in which prior exposure to a similar stimulus changes the processing of a particular stimulus, is a type of declarative memory. 
C)  Patient K.C.'s inability to remember episodic memories is an example of impaired nondeclarative memory. 
D)  The delayed non-matching-to-sample task tests an animal's nondeclarative memory.

Question 19

Matching
-Sensory buffer _____

Accepted Answer

A)  Extrastriate cortex 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Amygdala 
D)  Hippocampal formation 
E)  Long-term memory 
A)  Extrastriate cortex 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Amygdala 
D)  Hippocampal formation 
E)  Long-term memory

Question 20

H.M.'s performance on the mirror tracing task showed that he could acquire a kind of _______ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  long-term 
C)  nonassociative 
D)  short-term 
A)  episodic 
B)  long-term 
C)  nonassociative 
D)  short-term

Review the research pertaining to medial temporal lobe structures and declarative memory.

In LTP formation, nitric oxide and arachidonic acid may serve as

Compared to animals placed in impoverished conditions, animals kept in enriched conditions have been found to have heavier brains, due primarily to increases in the

Research on patient H.M. and others with similar brain damage confirmed that there are two types of memory, distinguishable as

In the hippocampus, commissural fibers carry information from the

NMDA receptors induce LTP

In the formation of LTP, the entry of Ca²⁺ ions into the neuron activates _, which are enzymes that _ the activity of intracellular proteins.

Adult mice living in enriched conditions produce new neurons in the

Describe how different protein kinases are important in LTP. Relate their action to the actions of CREB and its effect on synaptic remodeling.

In mammals, the physical basis of a memory formed by learning a particular task, which is called the _______, is thought to be encoded by changes in the activity of a circuit of neurons, not just one neuron.

The three successive events that are necessary for recall of a past event are encoding, _______, and retrieval.

It appears that the medial temporal system is not required for

According to Hebb's notion of cell assemblies, information can be stored by groups of neurons that are

In order to find evidence of an engram, optogenetics has been used to turn _ neurons that _ a conditioned fear response.

Describe the circuitry in the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex, and explain cellular and molecular changes to this circuit as a result of training.

Eye-blink conditioning is an example of _______ conditioning and has been used to study mammalian cerebellar circuits.

In mice, genetic deletion of CREB

Which statement about memory is true?

Matching -Sensory buffer _____

H.M.'s performance on the mirror tracing task showed that he could acquire a kind of _______ memory.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 17: Learning and Memory

Review the research pertaining to medial temporal lobe structures and declarative memory.

In LTP formation, nitric oxide and arachidonic acid may serve as

Compared to animals placed in impoverished conditions, animals kept in enriched conditions have been found to have heavier brains, due primarily to increases in the

Research on patient H.M. and others with similar brain damage confirmed that there are two types of memory, distinguishable as

In the hippocampus, commissural fibers carry information from the

NMDA receptors induce LTP

In the formation of LTP, the entry of Ca2+ ions into the neuron activates _______, which are enzymes that _______ the activity of intracellular proteins.

Adult mice living in enriched conditions produce new neurons in the

Describe how different protein kinases are important in LTP. Relate their action to the actions of CREB and its effect on synaptic remodeling.

In mammals, the physical basis of a memory formed by learning a particular task, which is called the _______, is thought to be encoded by changes in the activity of a circuit of neurons, not just one neuron.

The three successive events that are necessary for recall of a past event are encoding, _______, and retrieval.

It appears that the medial temporal system is not required for

According to Hebb's notion of cell assemblies, information can be stored by groups of neurons that are

In order to find evidence of an engram, optogenetics has been used to turn _______ neurons that _______ a conditioned fear response.

Describe the circuitry in the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex, and explain cellular and molecular changes to this circuit as a result of training.

Eye-blink conditioning is an example of _______ conditioning and has been used to study mammalian cerebellar circuits.

In mice, genetic deletion of CREB

Which statement about memory is true?

Matching -Sensory buffer _____

H.M.'s performance on the mirror tracing task showed that he could acquire a kind of _______ memory.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

In the formation of LTP, the entry of Ca²⁺ ions into the neuron activates _, which are enzymes that _ the activity of intracellular proteins.

In order to find evidence of an engram, optogenetics has been used to turn _ neurons that _ a conditioned fear response.